54 , MAjLMALIA. 



I I 



THE SECOND OUDEIl OF MAMMALIANS. 



QUACRUMANA. 



Independently of tlic anatomical details \yliicli distintruish it from Man, and which 

 we have indicated, this faiidlv differs from our species in a very obvious cliaracter, 

 having the thumbs of the hind feet free and opjjosable to the other digits, which are 

 as long and tlexilile as those of the hand : in consequence of this, all the species climb 

 trees with facilitv. while it is only with piiin and difficulty that they can stand and 

 walk upright, their foot then resting on its outer eilge only, and their narrow jielvis 

 being unfavouralile to an equilibrium. I'hey all have intestines very similar to those 

 of Man*, the eyes directed forward, the mammfe on the breast, the penis pendent, the 

 brain witli three lobes on each side, the posterior of which covers the cerebellum, and 

 the tenqjoral fossa^ separated from the orbit by a bony partition. In every thing' else, 

 however, they gradually recede from him, in presenting a muzzle more and more 

 elongated, a tail and a gait more like that of quadruj)eds : nevertheless, the freedom ! 

 of their arms, and the complication of their hands, admit of their j.erforming many of | 

 the actions of Man. as well as to imitate his gestures. j 



They have long been divided into two genera, the Monkeys and the Lemurs, which, 

 by the multiplication of secondary forms, have now become two small families, between 

 which must be placed a third genus, that of the Ouistitis [or Marmosets] , wdiich cannot ! 

 be referred to either of the others. 



The iMoxKEY-LiKE Animals (Simia, Limianis). 



These are aU Quadruniaua, which have four straight iiicisor.s to each jaw. and tlat nails to i 

 all the extrennties, — two characters ivlucli approximate thi'in mure nearly to Man than the sub- 

 sei|ueiit genera. Then- molars have also hhint tubercles hke ours, and they subsist maiid\ upon 

 fruits ; hut their canines, being longer than the other teeth, supi)ly them with a weapon which 

 we do not possess, and require a vacant space in the 0|iposite jaw to receive them wiieii the 

 mouth is closed. 



They may l)e divided, accorduig to the number of theu- molars, into two principal sub-rri'uera, 

 w^uch again sul^divide uito mnncrons otiiers. 



The Monkeys {Simj/'.-:], properly so called, or those of the ancient continent, 



[Catarrhi.m, (:erf.'], — 



Have the same number of grinders as .Alan, Imt otherwise differ anion" themsehes iu the 

 cliaraeters \vluch gne rise to the following subdivisions. 



Thk Odrangs (Siiiiia, Erxl., Pif/ieciis, Gcof.), — 

 Arc tlic nnly Apes of the ancient cimtinciit wliicli li.ive no callosities on the liuttocks ; tlicir livoid 

 iNiiie, Ii\rr, anil ccecinn ivsi'mlile tljose of .Man. Tbeir nose docs not project ; thcylia.e no elieek 

 ponclies, nor any vestige of a tail. 



Some of them liave arms loni,' enongli to reach the gnnnid when standing; their Ics on the eon- 

 tiary, are very short. Sneh arc the Ourangs, strictly so called. 



• n.jrc ne irust e.^icept ttic griius S^miiopitl^rnii, nnd |,r,jbubly also O./o^mj.— Eu. 



