66 



MiVMMALIA. 



to the Gakgos. Likewise, Gnla-opit/ii'cus, whicli Cuvier lias placed after the Bats, but w'nich is 

 Lemui'ine in all the essential details of its conformation.*] 



THE THIRD ORDER OF MAMMALIANS,— 



CARNARIAt — 



Consists of an immense and varied assemblage of unguiculated quadrupeds, whicli pos- 

 sess, in common with Man and the Qiiadrumana, the three sorts of teeth, but have no 

 opposable thumb to the fore -feet. I They all subsist on animal food, [some Bats ex- 

 cepted,] and the more exclusively so, as their grinders are more cutting. Such as 

 have them wholly or in part tuberculous, take more or less vegetable nourishment, and 

 those iu wliich the)' arc studded with conical points live principally upon insects. The 

 articulation of their lower jaw, directed crosswise, and clasping like a hinge, allows of 

 no lateral motion, but can only open and shut : [the latter, however, had already been 

 nearly lost in the Lemurs.] 



Their brain, though still tolerably convoluted, has no third lobe, and does not cover 

 the cerebellum, any more than in the following families ; the orbit is not separated 

 from the temporal fossa in tlie skeleton § ; the skull is narrowed, and the zygomatic 

 arches widened and raised, in order to give more strength and volume to the muscles 

 of the jaws. Their predominant sense is that of smell, and the pituitary membrane 

 is generally spread over numerous bony laminao. The fore-arm is still capable of re- 

 volving in nearly all of them, though with less facility than in the Quadrumana. The 

 intestines [save in the frugivorous Bats] are less voluminous, on account of the sub- 

 stantial nature of the aliment, and to avoid the putrefaction wdiich flesh would undergo 

 in a more extended canal : [besides which, the requisite nutriment is more readily ex- 

 tracted from it.] 



As regards the rest, their forms and the details of their organization vary consider- 

 ably, and occasion analogous differences in tlieir liabits]|, insomuch tliat it is impossible 

 to arrange their genera in a single line ; and we are obliged to form them iuto several 

 families, which are variously connected by multiplied relations. 



" Utj 



tin: 



: qnn,l„ 



ipi.c- 



formation, whiuh uiitortunately iirnvtiJ tt)o l..!-- fi,r iristTtluii iiutitT 

 tlie (jenerif heatls Cercupilkecu) and C<iliibas. 



It haN jaat been ascertainetl, by Mr. IMartin, tliat the M.iNtjAnETS 

 {I'lTcopilheeni mthiopn tind fulit^iimsui, Auct.) iiO^seNS the aJtlitioual 

 t'lberele on the last molar, fountl in the ]\Iacaqucs, Doues, &c. ; 

 wbeiite the iinine Cercitr.ebus may now be eoLitiiiaed to them ex- 

 elusively, as a defiuite subordinate groap, mure neatly related to the 

 true Monkeys than to the Maeaques, notwiihstaniiini,' the structural 

 eharaeter adverted to. Their hair, it maybe remarked, is not grizzled 

 or aiinulated, as in both the Macaques and Monkeys. 



Of the genus Ci:!(tl)'tt, a perfect skin of C le'icamemi, Offilby, has 

 been received in Paris, wliich securely establishes that species. The 

 face is encircled with white hair, vGry lung on the sides ; and the tail 

 also is white, as in C. ursiuu^. 



Finally, k notice and figure have been just puhiished of a species 

 designated Cvloljm verus, but which appears to me, both from its con- 

 tour and the description (which slates its hair to be annulated), to be 

 a thumhless CcrcitpilhccTig, allied to C. Ctn^iplM^Uii. The negative 



thumb ill the Bats ijenerally, their 6ngera 

 membrane. — Ed. 



5 At least not generally : but it is commoi 

 (Herpr^sles), and allied jicnus Ct/ri'dis; als 

 it iy nearly so in the frugivorous Cheiroptn 

 T'ip/io:oui among the insectivorous Bats. — 



II This is a favourite mode of exprcssioi 

 liiive reason rather to transpose the sequent 

 regard the hiibit as necessitating the parEicular modifications of struc- 

 ture. Thus, on co[isideration, it will appear, that the productive 

 powers of nature ever cxeceding the actual demand for »uch 

 multiplication, species npou species have been endowed with 

 the necessary orgaiiiiation to aid as snecesijivu checks upou 



, in other ■ 



ds, t« 



