CARNARIA. 



69 



plialanges, like that of the preceding;, has no naiL The membranes of their wings, instead of meeting 

 at the flauk, are joined to each other at the middle of the hack, to which they adhere by a vertical and 

 longitudinal partition [a character which occurs, however, more or less completely, that is, the volar 

 membrane is attached more or less near to the middle of the hack, in some of the Roussettes], 

 They have often only two incisors [when adult, which are inserted in small cm-ved intermaxillaries, 

 that are moveable backwards and forwards]. 



" M. Isidore GeofEi'oy, in a monograph of this genus [Pteropus'], forms the Pf. personafus, Tern., 

 and some allied species, into the subgenus Pachysoma, which has four molars less than the others, and 

 the zygomatic arches more projecting: the Pt. mhiimm or rostrat us comjfon:?. his subgenus i^/ac/Yj- 

 glon-ms, the muzzle of which is longer and more slender, and there are spaces between the grinders ; 

 it is believed that the tongue is extensile [now known to he shghtly so, and of a rather longer and 

 more acuminate form than in the others]. Lastly, he separates the Ccphalot of Peron from that of Pahas, 

 and applies to the former tlxe name Hyjjodermis, on account of the complete dorsal insertion of the 

 membranes of its wings."* hS^ 



[M. TerL'iminck, in his excellent monograph of the PieroptiX(e, or frui^fivorous Bats (published in 1835), adopts, as 

 p;eneric, the divisions P/eropuSy Pachysoma {Ci/nopterm, F. Cuv.), Cephaiotes, Geof, {H)/podermU, Is. Geof,), 

 Ilarpyia, Iliig-er {Cephaiotes, Is. Geof.}, and Macroglossus.j Six species are \iQQyvn of P achy noma, which present 

 some other peculiar characters, 

 and vary in size from ten to twenty 

 inches across : the remaining; three 

 respectively consist of one known 

 species only, viz., C. Peroni/, 

 sometimes two and a balf feet 

 in extent,— /J. Pallami (fig:. 9), a 

 sin!2;ular looking^ animal, from Ti- 

 niour, fourteen inches across, with 

 a claw on its fore-finger (like the 

 Cepbalot), and projecting tubular 

 nostrils, — and M. rostratu^, the 

 Kiodote, the smallest of the tribe, 

 rarely measuring a foot in spread 

 of wing, and which is knC'.vTi to 

 subsist chiefly on the fruit of the 

 C\ove lEuyenia) ; its grinders are 

 remarkably diminutive. Between 

 these frugivorous Cheiroptera and 

 the following genera, the lapse is 

 very considerable.] 



The Roussettes having been detached, the genuine Bats remain, all of which [excepting Desmodus'] are 

 insectivorous, and possess three grinders on each side of both jaws, beset w^ith conical points, and 

 preceded by a variable number of false molars. Their index never has a nail, and, a single sub- 

 genus excepted, the membrane always extends between theu: hind-legs. [The greater number have 

 cheek-pouches, and most, if not all, emit a peculiar low clicking note.] 



They should be divided into two principal tribes : the tirst having three bony phalanges to the 

 middle finger of the wing, while the other finger and the index even have only two. To this tribe, 

 which is almost exclusively foreign, belong the following subgenera : — 



Fig 9 — Harpyla PaUasU. 



The Molossines (MoIossks, Geof. Dysopust, Hhg-) 

 These have the muzzle simple ; the ears broad and short, arising near the angle of the lips, and 

 uniting with each other upon the muzzle ; the tragus short, and not enveloped by the conch. Their 

 tail occupies the whole length of the interfemoral membrane, and very often extends beyond it. 

 [Their wings are narrow, and liody large and heavy.] It is seldom that they have more than two in- 

 cisors to each jaw : but, accurthng to M. Temminck, several of them have at first six below, four of 

 which they successively lose. 



* Thig passage occurs in the Appendi.T to the ori^innl work. — Ed. j is likcivise used in Ornitholiifry, whei 



t llie term MiicToglotvis, however, has unfortunntelj' been pre- , ju!>>;litutetl.— Ed. 



luuupieil in Entoniolo8:y ; for which reason Kiodotus (the common j t This term is more ^eneriill/ accepted, —Ed. 



latne of the species, latinized) muy be proposed in its stcaJ. IJarpyia \ 



lOther appellation muBt bt 



