^0 



MAMIMALIA. 



^vliich hns itself a large internal process. They are carnivorous animals, but not ]n^C)la- 

 tory ni proportion to tlieir strength, and often feed on carrion. They have all a ^niaii 

 c cecum. 



T:iE Dogs (Canis; Lin.) — 

 Have three false niohivs ahovc, four ]jr_'l(.i\^', ami two tiilicrculous gi'iiiders l>ehind each carnivorous tor»th. 

 The first of these iipjicr tuherculous mohtrs is very Large. Their siqierior carnivorous tooth lias only a 

 small internal tuherclc ; Imt the inferior one has its hinder portion altog(-ther tnberculous. The 

 tongue is soft; the fore-feet have five toes, and the hind-fcct [in general] only four, [The ccecnin is 

 of a peculiar spiral form.] 



The Domestic Dog; {C. /rtm?7/ffrii', Lin.)— Disting-uished by its recurved tail, but otherwise varying infinitely 



with respect to size*, form, colour, and quality of the hair. It is the most complete, the most singnalar, and useful 

 ci)nr|uest ever made by Man ; the whole species having: become his property: each individual is devoted to its 

 jiarticuhir master, assumes his manners, knows and defends his property, and remains attached to him 

 until death ; and all this, neither from constraint nor want, but solely from gratitude and pure friendship. The 

 swiftness, strength, and scent of the Dog have rendered him a powerfid ally to Man against other animals, and 

 \\ere even, perhaps, necessary to the estabUshment of society. It is the only animal which has followed Man all 

 over the world. 



Some naturalists think the ]")og is a AVolf. and otlicrs tiiat lie is a domesticated Jackal ; but those whicli ha\"e 

 become wild on desert islands reseiuhle neither one nor tlic orhcr.f 



The wild Dogs, and those which belong to 

 savages, such as the inhabitants of Australia, 

 have straight ears, whence has arisen a belief that 

 the European races, nearest to the original t>'pe, 

 are our ^hepherd''s Dog and Wolf Dog ; but com- 

 parison of the crania indicates a closer appi-uach 

 on the part of the French ^h'ttin and JJanis/' JJo<j, 

 after which fohow the lio/nul, tlie Poiiit,-i\ and 

 the T' n-'"-i\ which chiefly differ in size and the 

 rehitu'e prdportions of parts. The Greyhound i?, 

 more attenuated, and has the the frontal sinus 

 smaller, and scent wenker. ITie Shcphcrd'n Dog 

 and Wolf Dog resume the straight ears of the 

 wild ones, but with greater developement of brain, 

 which continues to increase, together with the 

 intelligence, in the Barhet and Spaniel. The 

 Bull-dog, on tlie other hand, is remarkable fiu- the 

 shortness and strengtli of its jaws. The small 

 pet Dogs, the Pugs, les.ser Sj^w'/Js, s/,ocl.:s, &c., 

 are the most degenerate pruductions, and exhibit 

 the most strikini^ marks of that inflncnce to which Man subjects all nature. 



The I»o^^ is born with its eyes closed ; it opens them on the tenth or twelfth day ; its teeth commence changing 

 in tlie fourth month, and its full growth is attained at the expiration of the second year. The female remains with 

 ynunii; sbcty-three days, and produces from six to ten young at a birth. The Dog is old at hftcen years, and seldom 



^-i^,^ 2S.-T1, 



ncd 



s uf < 



ciud i 



iji tliu iMuSLUm of Dresik-ii, iiicii-.arcd culy rive inches iiml a 

 liiilf ill leuijtli ; this bciiip cxnt-lly ihc smne length, rroiii the ciniLr ..r 

 llio rvi; tij the tip of the iiosc, of a Sa\oii buar-huund cxftuiiiicd by 

 C.j) Hamilton Smith.— Ei>. 



t If the itlca, wliicli I conceive there is every reason to entcrtsiiii, 

 rcHpectiiitr the o^i^'ill of the Dinnestic Dnj be wvU fovnnled, it is clear 

 tlijit a recurrence to a single wild type M'uulU be irnpussiblc. The Dog 

 is apparently a blended mee, derived prineipnlly from the Wolf, and 

 pnrOy from vftriims other nllicd species. In the Museum of the Zr^oliiy;!- 

 tal Society o! London, there is ji specimen of an Ksquiniaux Doj;, ivhich 

 resembles the lnrj;e American Wolf (C. iitihilua) sn closely, that there 

 can scarcely be any doubt of the connexion which subsists between 

 them; and it is well known, of the American Wolves in particular, 

 Ihut if a young animal be suriiriwed by a hunter, and suddenly menaced 

 hv his foice nud manner, it will crouch to him and implore liis mercy 

 ill precisely the manner of n spaniel ; so that only a little eiieouru^e- 

 nient and kindness are required to (jtiin its permanent attachment ; 

 iii'Iced, many of ihcm are killed to obtaiit the profTered reward, by 

 Inking this (assuredly unworthy) advantage of the: 

 sivenesa. That the Wolf possesses the mental 

 ( filiable of the sante Mrnng nltacliment to ftinn ai 

 IJot,'. has oecn abundantly proved by the obscrvatii 



Bubmis. 

 and is 

 ic most faithful 

 of M. F. Cuvier 



quali 



acqi 



others i and the unrenL 

 isarily subjected in Eui 



tting persecution to 

 npe for so manj' ago 



ivhicli it has been 

 3, will sufficiently 



iuciality of the young till urgent 

 iminant sexual cA.citenicut, subdui 

 ired sentiment of friend.xhip or dis 



1 ehur.u-ter which it c.vhibilD 

 le genus of a better disposition 

 Hient of the male and female, 

 ecessity, or the annual period 

 i every milder propensity and 

 nterested affection. 



In the late edition of Dr. Prichard's v/ork 

 revived, which originated witli Bviffon, bu 

 afterwards corrected ; namely, that the pe 

 Wolf is much shorter thao in the Dog. il 



1 Mai 



1 old e 



botl 



als. 



whicli that iialurali:,t 

 iod of gestation in the 

 is precisely the same in 



Instancesoccasionally happen of the Dog re turning by choice to a state 

 of wildness, and assuming then, of necessity, the charucter ascribed 

 to the Wulf. I have knoii-n this to occur in a male pointer, and in e 

 female greyhound: the latter was so fine a specimen of the breed, that 

 on being entrapped, it was thought desirable to obtain a litter from 

 her, which was accordingly effected ; but, while her pvippiea were very 

 young, she managed to escape to the woods, and never returned; 

 three of her progeny grew to be excellent bounds; but two others 

 proved quite irreclaimable; and escaping from sereitude, like their 

 dam, were finally shot, for their destructive poaching propensities. 



It ia not unusual lo trace the peculiar markings, and grizzled colour- 

 ing of the back, common to mo'-t of the «ibl species of Oni-is, in 

 donvestic Dogs, of various size and character. — \ld. 



