CARNARIA. 



99 



The Monk {Pdagius, Y. Ciiv.)— 

 Also possesses four incisors to each jaw ; but the grinders form obtuse cones, with a shghtly marked 

 process before and behind. There is one in tlie Mediterranean, 



Ph. monachiis, Gm., iVom ten to twelve feet in length. It is particularly found ainonf,- the Grecian and Adriatic 

 IsleSj and was probably the species best known to the ancicnts- 



[The Halkets {HaUcha>rus, Nilsson), 

 Grinding teeth of the upper jaw simple ; those of the lower with an inconspicuous tubercle before and 

 behind. Muzzle deep and obliquely truncated : the head flat, and brain comparatively very small. 



//. gnjphia, Nils., a species nearly as lar(,-e as the Bearded Seal, inhabits the Baltic and British seas, where it 

 would seem to be not uncommon. Its intelligence has been observed to be very inferior to that of the 

 true PhociC.'] 



The Hoodcap (Slemn/atojnis, F. Cuv.). 



Four superior, and two inferior incisors; the grinders compressed and slightly three-loljed, supported 

 by thick roots. 



Ph. cristaia, Gm. ; Ph. leonina, Fabr.—A species attaining a length of seven or eight feet, with loose skin upon 

 the head, which can be inflated into a sort of cowl, and is drawn over the eyes when the animal is menaced, at 

 ■which time the nostrils also are puHcd out like bladders. From the Arctic Ocean. 



Finally, 



The Myroungas {Macrorhinus, F. Cuv. ; \_CystophQra, Nilsson,] )— 



Possess, with the incisors of the preceding, obtuse conical molars (fig, 39) [but massive canines], and 



muzzle lengthened into a short moveable proboscis. The 

 largest known Seal is of this subgenus ; the 



Ph. leonina, Lin.— Twenty to twenty-four feet in len^h [sometimes 

 thirty, according to English measure, and of great proportionate 

 bulk]. Brown, the muzzle of the male terminated by a wrinkled 

 snout, which becomes inflated when the animal is angry. It is common 

 in the southern latitudes of the Pacific Ocean, and of great request fur 

 the quantity of very superior oil with which it abounds. 



Those with external ears, 



The Otaries {Otaria, Peron), — 

 Fii;. 39.— Tccthof MyrouiiK.i. Are worthy of bciug formcd into a separate genus, inasmuch 



as, besides the projecting auditory conch, the four middle upper incisors have a double cutting edge (a 

 structure not hitherto remarked in any other animal) ; the exterior are simple and very small, and the 

 four inferior forked : the molars are all sim])Iy conical. The toes of their anterior swimming-paws 

 [which are placed far backward] are almost immoveable ; and the membraue of their hind feet is 

 prolonged into a flap beyond each toe : all the nails are thin and flat. 



Ph.jubata,Gm. (Sea Lion of SteWer, Pernatty, 

 &c., but not of Anson, which refers to the My- 

 rounga; the latter being also the iS'eo' IT'oZ/of Per- 

 natty). From fifteen to twenty feet [French], and /J 



more, in length ; the neck of the male covered ^/ / ~' 



with more fi-izzled and tliickly-set hairs than 

 those on the other parts of the body. From the 

 South Pacific, 



[The Falkland Otary, or Fur Seal of com- 

 merce {C. FalMandia, Desm.) — Remarkable for 

 the great disproportionate size of the sexes (if, 

 indeed, the same does not apply to all its con- 

 geners) ; the full-grown male, according to 

 "Weddell, measuring 6 ft. 9 inch. ; the female 

 only 3:^ feet. It is polygamous, in the proportion of 

 one male to about twenty females. The fur is 

 an esteemed article of commerce ; and so abun- 

 dant was the species formerly in various locali- 

 ties, that for a period of fifty years, not less than 

 1, '200. 000 skins were amiually obtained from a 

 single island]. Fig;, -io.^tiil- Urs^i. 



