PACUYDERMATA. 



131 



The AVart-hogs (Phaf^-coc/iceres, Y. Cuv.), — 

 The grinders of -whicli are composed of cylinders, cemented together by a cortical substance, ahnost 

 »ike the transverse laminae of the Elephant, and like thorn succeeding,' each other from behind. Their 

 skull is singularly large, the tusks rounded, directed laterally np\vard, and of a frightful uuignitnde ; 

 and on each of their cheeks hangs a thick f^e:^lly lobe, which completes the hidcousncss of their 

 aspect. They have but two incisors above and six below. 



The individuals received from Cape Verd (.S. a/ncanus, Gni.) have generally the incisive teeth complete ; those 

 which an-ive from the Cape of Good Hope (S. tcifdopicm, Gni.) scarcely show any trace of thein, althouf^h vestiges 

 are sometimes found within the gum. Tins difference may perhaps arise from age, which has worn down the teeth 

 of the latter, or it may indicate a spocitic diversity, the more especially as the heads of those from the Cape are 

 rather larger and shorter. 



There is still better reason to separate from ihe genus of Pigs — ■ 



The Peccaiiies {Dycofcles, Cuv.), — 

 Which have certainly grinders and incisors very hke those of the Pigs properly so called, but their 

 canines, directed as in the generality of the class, do not project from the mouth, besides -which they 

 want the external toe to their hind-feet. They have no tail, and upon the loins is a glandular opening 

 from which a fetid humour exudes. The metacarpal and metatarsal bones of their two great toes are 

 soldered into a kind of cannon-bone, as in the Ruminants ; with wliich their stomach, also, divided into 

 several sacs, presents a marked analogy. It is a singular fact, that the aorta of these animals is often 

 found very much enlarged, but not always in the same part, as if they were subject to a kind of 

 aneurism. 



There are two species known, both inhabitants of South America, which were first distinguished by Azzara. 

 Linnpcns confounded them together under the name of ISiis fajas.su. 



The Collared Peccary {D. torqnatus, Cuv.). — Hair annulated grey and brown ; a whitish collar, stretching 

 obliquely from the angle of the lower jaw over the shoulder. Size half that of the Wild Boar. 



The White-lipped Peccary (D. lablatus, Cuv.). — Larger ; and brown, with white lips. 



Here may be placed a genus now unknown among existing animals, which we have discovered, and 

 named 



Anoplotherium, Cuv., — 



And which presents the most singular relations with the different tribes of Pachydermata, ap- 

 proximating, in some respects, to the order Ruminantia. Six incisors to each jaw, four canines 

 almost similar to the incisors and of even length with them, and seven molars on each side above and 

 below, form a continuous series without any intervening space, a disposition of the teeth seen elsewhere 

 in Man only. The four posterior molars on each side resemble those of the Rhinoceroses, the Damans, 

 and Palaeotheriums ; that is to say, they are square above, and form double or triple crescents below. 

 The feet, terminated by two great toes, as in the Ruminants, are yet different in the circumstance of 

 tbe metacarpal and metatarsal bones remaining always separated, or being never united into a cannon- 

 bone. The construction of their tarsus is the same as in the Camel. 



The bones of this genus have hitherto only been found in the gypsum quarries near Paris. We have already 

 recognized five species : one the size of a small Ass, with the low form and long tail of au ( )tter {A. commune, Cuv.), 

 the fore-feet of which have a small internal accessory toe ; another of the size and slender form of the Gazelle 

 (A. mediion) ; a third no bigger and with nearly the same proportions as a Hare, with two accessory toes to the 

 sides of its hind-feet, &c. (See my Os^iemcus fossiles, tom. iii.) 



The ordinary Pachydermata which have not cloven feet comprehend, m the first place, 

 three genera, the molar teeth of which are very similar, there being seven on each side with 

 square crowns, and various prominent lines, and seven in the lower jaw, the crowns of which 

 form doiihle crescents, and the last of all a triple one : their incisors, however, vary. 



The Rhinoceroses {Rhinoceros, Lin.) — 

 In this respect chffer from one another. They are large animals, with each foot divided into three toes» 

 and the nasal bones of which, very thick and united into a kind of arch, support a solid horn, which 

 idheres to the skin, and is composed of a tibrous and horny substance, resembUng agglutinated hairs, 



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