138 



MAMMALIA. 



many points. Wlien ven'olcl,tlie Stas; heromes blackish, and the liairs on the neck leng-then and become erect. Tlic 

 antlers are shed in spi'iiiL!:, tlie old ones losing- them first; and are reproduced in suninu-r, during- the whole of 

 which period the males associate sepai-ately. Wlien they arc grown aL;-ain. the rutting; season cummences, whicli 

 lasts three weeks, at whicli time the males become furious. Both sexes unite in vast herds to pass the winter. 

 The hind carries eight months, and brings forth in May ; the fawn is fulvous, spotted with white. 



The Canadian Stag, or Mapiti ; Elk of the Anglo-Americans (C. canadensis, Gm. ; C. stroiigijloceros, Schreb.) 

 — A fourth larger than our Stag, and nearly of the same colour, but with the disk of the crupper larger and palei*, 

 the horns equally round, but more (leveluped, and without a )j:.dm. Inluibits all the temperate parts of \ortii 

 Annwica. 



The Virjrinian Stag, or Dcfr of the Anglo-Americans (C. virgiHianus,Gm.).—\^Gss, than ours, and more elegantly 

 formed; the muzzle more pointed; of a pale fulvous in summer, reddish-grey in winter; the under part of the 

 throat and tail white at alt seasons. Antlers shorter than in the European species, and very differently formed. 



The species inhabiting warm climates do not change 

 cu!(Hir. There are several in South America, at pre- 

 sent but imperfectly determined; as C. pah/dosii.':, 

 Desm. ; C. campesfris, F. Cuv. ; C. -nemoralin, 

 H. Smith, &c. There are also several in the East In- 

 dies ; as the Axis (C. axis, Lin,), permanently spotted 

 with pare white, and which is indigenous to Beng-ai, 

 but propagates easily in Europe : also C. Arhtoietis, 

 Cu\'., which, with long hairs on the neck and throat, 

 and inhabiting the north of India, must correspond 

 with the Hippelaphus of Aristotle, &c., &c. Several of 

 these have canine teeth. 



The Roe (C capreolux, Lin,), — "ith but two tines to 

 its antlers ; of a greyish-fulvous ; the buttocks white ; 

 no infra-orbital sinuses, and scarcely any tail. Some 

 iTidividuals are very bright russet, and others black- 

 ish. This species lives in pairs in the elevated forests 

 of temperate Europe, sheds its antlers at the close of 

 autumn, renews them in winter, undergoes the rut in 

 No\-ember, and remains with young five months and 

 a li.-ilf. Its firsh is nmch more esteemed than that of 

 thi' Stiig. Tlirre are none in Russia. The Tartarian 

 Roe {C. j'ligargus, Pallas) is larger, with longer hair, 

 ami horns more spinous at their base. It inhabits 

 tlie high grounds beyond the Volga. There are also 

 some Roes in America, the antlers of which always 

 rrniain simple, or without tines ; as C. riifus, F. Cuv., 

 with canines in butli jaws, C nfmoricoi/ns, F. Cuv., 

 and C. .simpliiiconiiy. Id. Smith. 



In India there are some small species which might 



be separated from the other Roes, having sharp ca- 



■overrd with hair on the forehead : such are the Mnntjac, or Kij^ng, 



at Ceylnn and Java, the C. I'/iifijij.iiius, II. Smith, C. moschafiis. 



-diclr 



1 synall herd: 



nines, and short antliT,- burne 

 (C. mu'itijac, Gm.), which is fb 

 Id., &c. 



The Gtraffe (Camdeopordalis, Lin.) — 

 Is cliaraclerizcd liy conical liorns in i.iolh sexes, that are a^^vays covered with a hairy skin, and never 

 fall. Tlichony nnrlnis nf tln'in is articulated during youth to the frontal hone hy a suture. In the middle 

 of tlie f<u-chcad, there is an emiiirnce or third burn, broader and much shorter, but equally aitieulatcd 

 by sutur'". This animal is in oilier respects one of the most reniarkalile that exist, on accLumt of the 

 great length of its neck and the ihsprnportionate extension of its fure-Icj^s.-'' 



Only one species is known (C giiu'XTa, Lin.), confined to the deserts of Africa, which has short hair, markrd 

 with angular fulvous spots on a greyish ground, and a slight mane on the hind-nt.'ck. It is the tallest of all 

 animals, its head being frutiuently raised eightem fcrt from the ground. Its disposition is gentle, and it fn:ds un 

 leaves. 



The Ruminants with hollow iior:;s — 

 Are more numerous than the others, and wc have been necessitated to divide tbcm into 

 genera npou characters of trivial import, derived from the form of tlie horns, and the propor- 

 tions of the various parts. To these M. Geoffroy bas advantageously added those attbrdcd by 

 the substance of the frontal prominence, or the bony nucleus of the horn. 



:i;ti;il, lie 



■r, l»y Pn.l. Uhc 



