44 r, 



CRUSTACEA. 



Fi^r. 24.- 



of the Lir . 

 /cct ; a. 111.' 



ArgiiJns, Mull., at first named by me Ozolus, but not sufficiently described. Tlie younger Jarine subsequently 

 examined the species which is the type of the genus, with the most scrupulous attention, observing it in all its 

 stiiges. The shield is oval, notched posteriorly, covering the body, with the exception 

 of the posterior extremity of the abdomen, and supporting, on a triangular frontal 

 space termed the clypeus, two eyes, four very minute antennrr-, nearly cylindrical, 

 placed in front — of which the superior, very short iind 3-jointed, have, at the base, a 

 strung, toothless, recurved hook, and of which the inferior are -i-jointed, -with a aniaU 

 tooth upon the basal joint. The siphon is directed forwards. The legs are t^velve in 

 number. The two anterior are terminated by a large limb, circularly dilated at the tip, 

 and striated and toothed at the edge; exhibiting, on the inside, a kind of rosette, 

 formed by the muscles, and seeming to act as a sucking-cup. Those of the second pair 

 1, are fitted for prehension, with the thighs thick and spinose, and the tarsi composed of 

 "^!lr\ three jouits, the last of which is terminated by two hooks. The other feet are termi- 

 ""' nated by a swimmeret formed of two lingers, or elongated pinnula_^, fringed with bearded 

 thrrads. The third pair of legs has an extra finger, but which is recun-ed. The last 

 pair of legs is attached to that part of the body which is disengaged behind the shield, or the tail. The abdomen- 

 regarding it as the part of the body extending backwards between the ambulatoiT feet, the beak, and a tubercle 

 inclosing the heart— is entirely free from the place of its in.sertion, without distinct articulations, and terminates 

 immediately behind the two last feet in a kiiid of tail, in the shape of a rounded, deeply-notched plate, without 

 hairs at the tip. It is a kind of s\\imn)eret. The transparency of the integuments permits the heart to be per- 

 ceived. It is situated behind the base of the siphon, lodged in a sobd tubercle, seraitransparcnt, and in the funn 

 of a single ventricle. 



The eggs are oval, and of a milky white coluur : they are attached by gluten to stones or other hard substances, 

 either in one or two rows, to the number of from one to four hundred. The eggs hatch about thirty-five days after 

 they are deposited i and the young ones, on bursting forth, are only three-eighths of a line long. 1'heir general 

 form is similar to that of the adLilt state, but the locomotive organs exhibit essential differences. Miiller described 

 the animal in tins state as a distinct species, named Arijulus Charon. Four long oar-like arms, two placed before 

 and two behind the eye, each terminated by a brush of flexible hairs, which the animal moves simultaneously, and 

 by the help of which it swims easily, with a jerking motion, arise from the anterior extremity of the body. Tlie 

 rudiments of the antennae are also visible, llie two large sucker-like feet are replaced by two strong legs elbowed 

 near the extremity, and terminated by a strong claw, with which the animal affixes itself to fishes. Of the other 

 legs wdiich appear in the adult state, those only of the second and third pairs, or the two ambulatory feet, and the 

 two anterior natatory legs, are the only ones wdiich are developed and free : the following are, as it were, lapped up, 

 and applied against the abdomen. The first moulting, which is elTected by means of a rupture of the skin on the 

 under-side of the body, having taken place, the oar -like limbs disappear, and all the natatorj' legs become disen- 

 gaged. Three days afterwards, the second moult takes place, which does not produce any important change ; but 

 at the third moult, which takes place two days aftenvards, we begin to perceive the formation of the suckers of the 

 fore-legs. At the fourth moult, which also takes place at the end of two days, these legs have assumed the sucker 

 shape, preserving, however, the terminal hook. At the end of six days, there is another change of the skin, when 

 the organs of generation become apparent; but there still remains another moult, retarded for six days, before 

 these animals are fitted for reproduction. Thus the period of their metamorphoses extends to twenty-five days. 

 They have then, however, attained only half their size. Other moultings, which take place every six or seven days, 

 are necess;u-y for their arriving at their full growth. Jurine asserts that the females do not become parents -with- 

 out the presence of the males. Tliose which he kepf isolated died of a disease wdiich manifested itself in numerous 

 brown globules, arranged in a semicircle towards the posterior part of the clypeus. 



The only species of this genus known [to Latreille] {Argidus fuliaceu.s, Jurine; Monoculus fu}iaceus^\Ai\\\.; 

 Argiifufi (/f/p/iiitus, and A. C/ioroii, Miiller; Monoculi/s G_i/rhii, Cnviev ; 0:oliis Gasfcrostei, Lhtr.) attaches itself 

 to the under-side of the body of the young of Frogs, Sticklebacks, &c., and sucks their blood. Its body is flattened, 

 of a greenish-yellow colour, and about two lines and a half long. The younger Herman, who has well described 

 this crustacoons insect in its perfect state, and wdio cites a manuscript of L. Baklaner, a fisherman of Strasburg, 

 of the ililr of UiGG, where the same animal is figured, says that, in the neighbourhood of that city, it is only found 

 upon tlic trout, which it destroys, especially in fish-ponds. It is also found upon the perch, pike, and carp. Ue 

 says it has never been found upon the gills of the fish. This animal turns itself ab mt 

 in the water in a similar manner to the Gyrini. He says its body is divided mlo five 

 somewdiat indistinct segments along the back. 



[A most elaborate memoir, containing the description of Ar<iHliis Cuii'stomi, an 

 American species of this genus, has recently been publitilied by JMcssrs. itana and 

 llerrick, in SlUimaii's Journal.'] 



Caligns, Miill., are destitute of the sucker-like feet. The anterior legs are furnished 

 wdth hooks: the others arc divided into a greater or less number of pinnula', or are in '' 

 the form of membranous leatlets. The shell leaves a considerable part of the body ex- 

 posed, which is terminated posteriorly, in the majority, by two long filaments, and in 

 others by appendages in the form of fins or styles. The space between these appendages ng 

 also often exhibits various other minute appendages. ", 



Ttie name of fish-lice, uniler which these animals are collectively known, indicates 

 that their habits are the same as those of the other Siphonostoma. Many naturalists have considered the tubulaf 



-C„/,>". 



