PULMONARIA 459 



the former Imve a slight dilatation on the outside, the latter is triangular : the two upper spinnerets arc long; but, 

 according- to L. Dufour, instead of the two intermediate spinnerets there are two coinh-shaped valves,— but 1 have 

 distinctly seen in a well-preserved specimen six spinnerets, the two superior being; the largest, and four others 

 very small : the anus on each side is furnished witli a pencil of retractde hairs, which L. Dufour has called comb- 

 shaped valves, and which are distinct from the intermediate spinnerets. 



The only species, Ur. ^-maculaia^ Dufour (C7. DnrantU, Latr.), is about half an inch long, of a brown maroon 

 colour, with the abdomen black, mai-ked with five yellowish spots. Found in the south of Europe and Egypt. 

 Dufour has made some curious observations on its liabits. It constructs on the under side of stones, or in crevices 

 of rocks, a cocoon in the shape of a cap or patella an inch in diameter, its circumference having seven or eight 

 festoons ; the points alone being fixed to the stone by means of threads, whilst the edges of the festoons are free. 

 This singular tent is of an admirable texture, the outer surface resembling the finest tallety, and composed of a 

 number of folds. When young it only constructs two layers, between which it takes its station. JJut sub- 

 sequently, perhaps at each moulting, it adds additional folds, and when the period of reproduction arrives it 

 weaves another apartment cxijressly for the reception of the sacs of eggs and young when hatched, of a softer 

 textui'e. The inside of its habitation is always singularly clean. Th'^ bags in which the eggs are placed are four, 

 five, or six in number in each habitation ; they are about one-third of au inch in diameter, and of a lenticular form. 

 It is not until the end of December or January that the eggs are deposited, and they are enveloped in fine down to 

 guard them from the cold. The edges of the festoons not being fastened together, the insect is able to creep in antl 

 out at "will by lifting them up. When the young are able to dispense with the maternal cares, they quit their com- 

 mon habitation and form separate abodes, and their parent dies in her tent, which is thus the birthplace and tomb 

 of the Uroctea. 



Draf;su-'i, Walck., has robust cheliceriE, toothed beneath, the maxilhe truncated obliquely at the tip, and the 

 tongue oval, truncated beneath ; the line formed by the four posterior eyes is longer than that of the four anterior 

 ones, the proportions of the external spinnerets scarcely differ, and they have not the comb-shaped ^'alves which 

 exist in Clutho; the fourth and then the fore-pairs of legs are evidently longer than the others. They take their 

 stations under stones, in holes of walls, the interior of leaves, and form cells of a vei"y white silk. The cocoons of 

 some are orbicular, flattened, and composed of two valves applied against each other. M. Walckenaer distributed 

 the species into three families, from the lines of the eyes and form of the maxilla;. D. viridisximns, which alone 

 comprises his third division, forms on the surface of leaves a fine, white, and transparent web, beneath which it 

 resides. I lia\-e often found on one of the surfaces of pear-leaves a similar web, but angular at the edge, like a 

 tent, similar to that of Clotho, and which is, I presume, formed by this species. 



i\r. Dufour found another species under stones upon the highest Pyrenees {D. segestriformh). It is abied to 

 my D. }nflaiwga.sfer, which is probably the B. (ucifugus, Waick, A very pretty little species is common near 

 Paris, i-unning on the ground ; it is nearly cylindrical, with a fulvous thorax, covered with purple down ; the abdo- 

 men varied with blue, red, and green metallic tints, with golden lines or spots {D. relucenn). 



In all the other TubiteUe the maxillae do not form an arch round the tongue : they are dilated on the outside, 

 beneath the base of the palpi. 



Segestria, Latr., has only six eyes, four in a curved line, and two behind the two lateral ones. The tongue is 

 nearly square and oblong ; the first and tlien the second pair of legs are of the greatest length. These Spiders spin 

 in the holes of walls cylindrical silken threads, where they station themselves, with their fore-legs extended in 

 front, diverging threads extended around the mouth of the tube, and form a small web for catching insects. 

 ^'. perjlda, Latr., Aranea florentina, Rossi, and other species. 



The other Tubitelffi have eight eyes; and iu consequence of the nicdiunt in which they reside, they maybe 

 di\-ided into terrestrial and aquatic species. Although M. Walckenaer has formed the latter into his last family 

 of the Spiders (that of iVfn/fl(7(.'.';), they have so much relation with the other Tubitelte that notwithstanding this 

 diiference in their habits they ought to be united with them. In the terrestrial species the tongue is nearly square, 

 or but slightly narro^ved and truncated at the tip, the maxilla straight or nearly straight, and more or less dilated 

 at the tip; the two eyes at each side of tlie ocular group are separate and not geminated, as in the aquatic 

 Tiihitelaa. 



C/iibiona, Latr., differs from the next in the relative length of the external spinnerets, and in the front line or 

 eyes being nearly straight. They make silken tubes to reside in, which they place under stones, in crevices of 

 walls, or between leaves. The cocoons are globular {A. holosericea, Lin. ; A. atrox, De Geer.) 



Araiiea, which at first we had named Tegeiuiria, still retained by M. Walckenaer, and to which we unite his 

 Aoclciuc and K;issi, has the two upper spinnerets evidently larger than the others, and the front hue of the eyes 

 forms a curve. They construct in the interior of our habitations, in the angles of walls, upon plants and hrdges, 

 in the ground or under stones, large webs [cobwebs] neajiy horizontal, and at the upper part of which is a tube 

 in which they station themselves, without motion [Aranea domcstlca, Linn.; Tcgenaria cicHh-, Walck.; Ai\ 

 labgrlnthicn, Linn., &c.) 



Argyroneta, Latr. (comprising the Nayadcs, Walckenaer; or Tubiteles aquatiques, Latr.) has the maxills inclin- 

 ing upon the tongue, which is triangular. The two eyes at each lateral extremity of the ocular group are placed 

 close together on a particular eminence; the four others form a square. A. aquatka, Linn, [or diving Water- 

 spider] is blackish-brown, with the abdomen darker coloured, silky, and with four impressed dots on the back. 

 It resides in standing water, in which it swims with the abdomen encased in a bubble of air, and in which it forms 

 for its retreat an oval cell filled with air and formed of ^ilk, fv'm\ winch threads proceed to the different adjacent 

 water-plants in all directions. Here it devours its prey, constructs its egg-case, which it carefully guards, and 

 passes the winter, having first closed the crll. 



