TRACIIEARLE. 



467 



'*^=^^- 



Fip. 33.— Gfl-l codes intrcpida. 



THE nrvST FAMILY OF THE TRACHEAN ARACIINIDA,— 

 The Pseudo-Scorfiones, — 



Has the tliorax articulated, witli the anterior segment largest, hke a corselet; the ahdomen very 

 distinct, and annulated ; the palpi very large, in the shape of feet or claws; eight legs in both 

 se\cs, \vith tAvo equal-sized ungues at the tip of the tarsi, — tlie two anterior, at the most, excepted; 

 two apparent chcUcera;, terminated by two fingers; and two maxillEe, formed of the basal joint of 

 the ])al|)i. All of these are terrestrial, and have the body oval or oblong. This family comprises only 

 two genera. 



Caleodcx, Oliv. [Solpuga, Liclitenstein, Fabr.), liaving two ver>- lar^^' cliclicera-', with vertical, stronn^iy-toothed 

 fiii^-ert;, one superior, lix(;d, ;iiid often furnished with a slender, elon^^ated, pointed appendage* at its base, and the 

 >^) ,\^ Y^^ ^ other moveable ; the palpi are larfje, projecting, and 



ill the shape of feet or aLiteunti.', terminated by a 

 sliort, vi.'sicular joint, witiiout any terminal hook; 

 the two fore-legs have a similar shape, and are equally 

 ■unarined, but smaller; the others are terminated by a 

 tarsus, the last joint of which has two small cushions, 

 and two long fingers, with a hook at their tips ; five 

 scales are attached by a peduncle upon each hind leg;, 

 disposed in a row upon the basal joints; two eyes are 

 placed close together upon an eminence in front of 

 the anterior thoracic sec^ent, which represents a large head, supporting the mouth and two fore-legs. 



The body is oblong, generally soft, and clothed with long bristles ; the knob at the tip of the palpi incloses a 

 peculiar organ, which is only protruded when the animal is irritated ; the two fore-legs may be considered as a 

 second pair of palpi. 1 have discovered a large spiracle on each side of the butly, beiween the first and second 

 legs, as well as a slit at the base of the belly. The abdomen is 9-jointed. For further details, see the description 

 of a species found in Spain, by Dufour {Annales >Sci. Phij.slq., torn. v. pi. 69). 



It is supposed that the ancients designated these Arachnida under the names of Phalangiuni, Solifuga, Tetra- 

 gnatha, &c. M. Poe discovered a species near Havannah, but the others are peculiar to the warm and sandy 

 countries of the old world. They run with very great quickness, erect their heads when surprised, showing signs 

 of resistance, and are reputed venomous. Solpugafatalh-, Latr. Bengal. Others are described in the monogi-aph 

 of Herbstin, and the voyages of Olivier and Pallas. 



[Other species are figured, with elaborate details, by Savigny, in the great work on Egypt ; and I\I. Lucas has 

 desciibed and figured a species from Cuba (G. Cubce), in Gnurin's Magasin tie Zoologie. Dr. Schomburgh has 

 also forwarded, this year, to the Entomological Society of London, a species, of small size, from Deraerara, which 

 lie found in the nest of a species of Termes.] 



ChcUfci-, Geoff. {Obis/iim, lUiger), has the palpi elongated like arms, witli a claw-like hand with two fingers; all 

 the legs are equal, and terminated by two ungues ; the eyes stand at the sides of the 

 thorax. These animals resemble small Scorpions deprived of tails. The body is 

 flattened, with the thorax nearly square, and having one or two eyes on each side. 

 They run quickly, and often sideways, like Crabs. The eggs are united in a mass. 

 The elder Hermann says that they carry them beneath the belly; and he also believes 

 that these Arachnida are able to spin. The younger Hermann and Leach divide 

 them into — 



Ckellfer proper, having the first segment of the thorax divided in two by a trans- 

 verse impressed line; a style at the tip of the moveable finger of the cheliceree; it 

 has only two eyes. 



P/ial. cancroides, Linn., commonly called the Book Scorpiem, is found in herba- 

 riums, old books, &c., where it feeds upon the minute insects which frequent such situations. Scorpio cimicoides, 

 Pabr. Lives under stones, the bark of trees, &c. 



Obhium, Leach, has the thorax without division ; the chelicerte without a style. It has also four eyes. 

 See the monograph of ScorpAonida' of Leach {ZooL MiscelL vol. iii,), and Dalman's memoir on Copal Insects, 

 where a species is described under the name of Eucarpus. [Some new species of this group are described and 

 figured by M. Theis, in Annales des >Sd. Nat., Sept. 1S3'2]. 



THE SECOND EAAIILY OF THE TRACHEAN ARACHNIDA,— 

 The Pycnogonides, — 



Has the thorax composed of four segments, occupying nearly the whole length of the body, terminated! 

 at each extremity by a tubular article, of which the anterior (which is larger, and either simple or pro- 



* I do not believe this appendage is pcculiay to one sex. 



