TRACHEARIyE. 



469 



vanced, in the form of a muzzle or beak. The majority have eight Ic^, the others six * This family 

 is composed of two tribes. 



The first tribe is that of the harvest-men, Phalangita, Latr., having the chehcera; very apparent, 

 enher projecting in front of the trunk or being inferior, but always terminating in a didactyle forceps, 

 preceded by one or two joints. They have two filiform palpi of five joints, the last terminated by a 

 small hook; two distinct eyes ; two maxiUae, formed by the prolongation of the basal joint of the palpi, 

 and often four others, composed merely of the dilated coxa: of the two anterior pairs of feet. The body 

 IS oval or rounded, covered, at least upon the thorax, by a more solid skin. The abdomen exhibits the 

 appearance of foldings. The legs are long, always eight in number, and divided distinctly, in the 

 manner of those of insects. Many {Phalamjium) have, at the base of the two posterior feet, two spira- 

 cles, one on each side, but hidden by the coxae. The majority 

 hve on the ground, upon plants, or at the roots of trees, and 

 they are very active ; others hide themselves beneath stones, or 

 in moss. 



Phalantjium, Linn., has the chelicerK projecting-, imich shorter than 



the body, and the eyes placed apon a common tubercle. The Ie<?s are 



very louf;- and slender, and, when detached from the body, they exhibit 



signs of irritability for a few moments. Ph. cornutum, Linn., male ; 



N P/i. opUio, Linn., female; and other native species. Consult, also, the 



monographs of this fjenus published by Latreille at the end of his Illst. 



i'ig. J/.— I'tjaititiifiura cornutiun. j\i-„^_ ^^^ Fo'urmis ; Herbst. and Hermann, Mdm. Aptcrolog. 



GoJii/lcpfes, Kirby, has the palpi spined, wiih the two termmal joints nearly equal-sized ; 



and the coxje of the hind pair of legs are very larg-e, and soldered together, forming a plate 



beneath the body. The hind legs are wide apart from the others. G. liorr'uliis, Kirby. 



Brazil. 



Siro, Latr., has the chelicerce projecting nearly as long as the body ; the eyes wide apart, 

 and each placed upon an isolated tubercle, or without support. .S'. rubcns, Latr. 



Macrochdes, Latr., has exposed and very long cbelicerae, but the eyes are either sessile or 

 wanting. The two fore-legs are very long, and resemble antennas. The upper side of the 

 body is like a scale, without distinct articulations. Acarus marginatus^ and A. tesfudi- 

 narius, Hermann. 



Trogidita, Latr., has the anterior extremity of the body projecting like a clypeus, receiving, 

 in a cavity on its under-side, the chelicera* and other parts of the mouth. The body is very 

 flat, anil covered by a very firm skin. It is found beneath stones. T. nep a form is, h&tr. 

 Phal. tncannatiun, Linn. South of France. Fig, 38.— Gonvieptes acm 



tburus. 



[M. Dufour has desci'ibed a genus allied to the last under the name of Caculus, in the 

 Annales des 'Set. Naf. for 1832. Many other very curious Brazilian species are described and figured by Perty, in 

 the Deh'cfus Anhnalium Brn.sili<je, in which many new genera are proposed for their reception. Another very 

 singular species, with exceedingly lon^-- legs, is described by Mr. Hope, in the Li/niaan Transactions, vol, xvii., 

 ^^nder the name of JJolicItosccf/s Hawordtii.] 



The second tribe of the Arachnida holetra is that of the Acarides, v^-hich has occasionally cbelicerae, 

 but they are simply composed of a single pincer, either chdactyle or clawed, and hidden in a sternal 

 lip. Sometimes there is a sucker, formed of lancet-like plates united together; or the mouth consists 

 merely of a cavity, without any other apparent pieces. This tribe is composed of the genus 



Acarus (Linn.), — 

 The majority of the species of which are very minute, or almost microscopical. They are universally dis- 

 tributed. Some are wanderers ; and, amongst these, some are found under stones, leaves, the bark of trees, 

 in the ground, the water, or upon provisions, such as flour, dried meat, old dry cheese, and upon putrid 

 animal matters. Others subsist as parasites upon the skin, and in the flesh of difi'erent animals, often 

 greatly weakening them by their excessive multiplication. The origin of certain diseases, especially the 

 itch, is attributed to them. It appears, from the experiments of Dr. Galet, that the Mites of the human 

 psora, placed upon the body of a perfectly healthy indi\'idual, will inoculate him with the serus of that 

 disorder. Other sorts of mites are also found upon insects ; and many beetles, which subsist upon 

 cadaverous substances or excrement, are often entirely covered with them. They have even been ob- 

 served in the brain and eyes of Man. The Mites are o\iparous, and exceedingly prohfic. Many of them 

 are born with only six feet, and the two others are developed a short time afterwards. The tarsi are 



• Trumhidium long-ipet, Hcrm., is figured with ten lugs, tlie iiatcrioi; beuig vejy long, but it ia described aa having only ci|,'lit. 



