INSECTA. 



481 



Althougli this order was more natural than that of Lmnseus, it has not been followed ; 

 and it is only recently that anatomical observations, and a more rigorous exactitude of 

 the applications thence derived, have led us to the natural system.* 



I divide this class into twelve orders, of wdiich the first three, composed of species 

 destitute of wings, do not essentially change their forms and habits, and are merely 

 subject either to simple moulting or to a rudimental metamorphosis, whereby the number 

 of feet and of the segments of the body are increased. These correspond with the 

 Arachnides antennistes of Lamarck. The organs of sight, in these animals, ordinarily 

 consist of an assemblage of simple eyes, of greater or less extent. The following orders 

 compose the class of Insects of the same naturalist. From its natural relations, the 

 order Sactoria, which only consists of the genus Pulex [or Flea], appears to terminate 

 the class ; but as I pJace at its head the insects which have no wings, this order, 

 keeping up the regularitj^ of the system, ought to succeed immediately after that of 

 the Parasita. 



Some of the English naturalists have established, from the consideration of the wings, 

 several new orders ; but I do not see the necessity for their admission, with the excep- 

 tion of that of the Strepsiptera, of which the denomination {twisted icings) appears to 

 me to be defective, such not being the case, and which I consequently term Rhipiptera, 

 o^ fan-shaped wings. \ 



The first order, MYntAroDA, has more than six legs (twenty-four, and beyond), 

 arranged along the whole length of the body, upon a scries of rings, each of which bears 

 one or two pairs, and of which the first, and also the second in many species, appears 

 to form part of the mouth. They are apterous, — that is, deprived of wings and 

 scutellum. 



The second order, Thysanura, has six feet, and the abdomen furnished, at the .sides, 

 with moveable pieces, in the form of false legs, or terminated by appendages fitted for 

 leaping. 



The third order, Parasita, has six legs ; is destitute of wings ; exhibits no organs of 

 siglit, except ocelli ; the mouth is for the most part interior, and only consists of a muzzle 

 inclosing a retractile sucker, or of a sht situated between two lips, with two hooked 

 mandibles. 



The fourth order, Suctoria, has six legs ; is destitute of wings ; and the mouth is 

 composed of a sucker, inclosed in a cylindrical sheath of two articulated pieces. They 

 undergo metamorphosis, and acquire thereby locomotive organs which they did not at 

 first possess. This character is common to the following orders ; but, in them, wings 

 are always developed by metamorphosis. 



The fifth order, Coleoptera, has six legs ; four wings, the superior pair having the 

 form of sheaths ; mandibles and maxilla; for mastication ; the lower wings folded simply 

 crosswise, and the sheaths crustaceous, and always horizontal. They undergo a com- 

 plete metamorphosis. 



The sixth order, Orthoptera, has six legs ; four wings, of which the two upper are 

 in the form of sheaths ; mandibles and maxillae for mastication, the latter covered at 



' Cuvier, T'lh}. Elcm,de VHist.Nat. dei .Jjiiri,., nnd L<-<;ons ti'.-liutt. 

 C.t"ip"rtei Laiiiiiruk. Sysihnf dc3 ^nini. sam f'erttbrft ; L.itreille. 

 Pii^h (Irs Cnract, dni., and Gmiera CTUstaceurum el liisectortitii. Sec 

 al;;o, for further details, tlie excellent hifroduction fo EnttitntjiGgy 

 bv Messrs. Kirliv and Spence. [The Moras EntomoloffictB nf I\I'Lcay, 

 the ll<n,dbmh d.r Erft'irn^jfoffi'- by Hermann Bnrmeistcr, translated 

 by Shuckard, and tny lutroduclvm to l/i<' Modern CIo:^rJtcolion of In. 



ircfi, maf also be alluded to, as ot!"eriii|r many details relative to the 

 natural arrangement of this class]. 



t [It is true that the wintjs are not twisted, but the prel/otuj/cicrt, 



as LatreiUe term.s them, are ; and, as it is nowproved tlia 

 are meaothoracic organs, the propriety of Mr. Kirby'a 

 blished.] 



ajne i 



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