4S2 



INSECTA. 



the extremity with a galea; the lower wings folded in two directions, or tiniply longi- 

 tudinally, and the sheaths ordinarily coriaceous, mostly crossing at the inner margin. 

 They only undergo the semi-metamorphosis.* 



The seventh order, Hemiptera, has six feet; four wings, the two ujjper having the 

 form of coriaceous sheaths, membranous at the extremity, or similar to the inferior pair, 

 but larger and stronger ; the mandibles and maxillje are replaced by settE, forming a 

 sucker, inclosed in a sheath of a single, articulated, cylindrical, or conical beak-like 

 piece. 



The eighth order, Neukopteka, has six feet; four membranous, naked wings; and 

 mandibles and maxilla: for mastication. The wings are finely reticulated, the lov\er pair 

 generally of the size of the anterior, or more extended in one of their diameters. 



The ninth order, Hy.mexoptera, has six feet; four membranous, naked waigs ; man- 

 dibles and maxilla? for mastication ; the lower w"ings smaller than the superior ; the 

 abdomen of the females nearly always terminated by a borer, or sting. 



The tenth order, Lepidopteha, has six feet; four membranous wings, covered with 

 little coloured scales, like dust ; a horny piece, like an epaulette, directed backwards, 

 inserted in front of each of the fore-wings ; the maxdlge replaced by two tubular fila- 

 ments united, and composing a kind of tongue rolled up in a spire. f 



The eleventh order, Rhipiptera, has six feet; two membranous wings, folded like a 

 fan ; two crustaceous, moveable bodies, in the form of small elytra, situated at the fore 

 extremity of the thorax J; and the organs of manducatiou consist of a pair of simple, 

 setiform maxillas, with two palpi. 



The twelfth order, Dipteea, has six feet ; two membranous wings, extended, and 

 accompanied, in nearly all. b}" two moveable bodies, in the form of balancers, situated 

 behind them ; and the organs of manducatiou consist of a sucker, containing a variable 

 number of setae, inclosed in an inarticulated sheath, often under the form of a proboscis, 

 terminated by two lips.§ 



THE FIRST ORUER OF INSECTS,- 



MYUIAPODA {.MITOSATA, Fab.),— 



Commonly called Centipedes or iIilU'|iedes, are the only animals of this class \\liicli have more 

 than six feet in the perfect state, and m vbicli the abdomen is not distuict from the trmd; (or 

 thorax). Their body, destitute of Hings, is composed of a generally extensive series of seg- 

 ments, nearly of equal size, etich generally hearing, with the e.xeeptiou ol' the anterior segments, 



* Dc GcL-T first estnbU.slu-d this order, which he culled D.r 

 c!iang:cd, withiiut propriety, by Olivier, into Orthnptf- ' " 



the 



ehaog^cd, without propriety, by Olivier, into OrthnpterH. 1 retniii tli 

 littler, because the French iialunilists have generally adopted it. [D 

 Lcaeh, to add to the confusion, employed the name L>erinaptera for a,, 

 order consisting of the faoiily of the Farivi^.s- The name ouijlit cer- 

 tainly to be restored to the maodibolated llemiptera of Linnicus]. 



t The thorax of the Lepidoptera has more analno" rtith that of the 

 Neuropterathan with the Hyiocnoptcra, the medial segment appearing 

 to form part oC the abdomen, whilst in tlie latter and the Uiptera, it is 

 iiiLorporated with the thorax. 



I Formed, as I presonie, of pieces analogoas to the pterygoda of the 

 Lepidoptera. [Such is not the case, as is proved by the disseeiioos of 

 the ihorai (luhlished by Curtis and myself, being rodimcntal elytra, 

 sioiilnr to those of Sifori.t, yflraclocerus, and certain i'hasmiE]. 



f/ [It seottld be cut of place to enter into a review of the various 



systems proposed by dilTerent celebrated authors, as Fahricius, Leach, 

 KIrby, M'Leay, Laporte, and others; hot as tiie school ot Koglish 

 Entomologists adopt various orders not employed by Latreille, it will 

 not be improper to observe, that the orders ftlyrlapoda, Tbysanura, and 

 Parasitft, are generally, by most Knglish authors, excloded from the 

 class of Insects, forming a distinct class — Anietabola. Tiie family of tlie 

 Earwigs is raised to the rank of an order by Kirhy and Leach, under 

 the name of Dermaptcra, which, to prevent further confusion, I have 

 changed to Euplexoptera. The genus Thripa has been formed into an 

 order by Mr. Haliday, named Thysaooptera ; Piiryganea, or the Cad- 

 dice-flies, compose the order Trichoptera of Kirby ; the suctorial 

 Hemiptera, tvith the fore-wings entirely of a inembranoos consistence, 

 arc separated as the ordar tlomoptcra of Latreille ; w iiiKt the Forest- 

 flics [Hippi>hfisc<e, Linn.) form the order Homaloptcra of Leaeb, sepa- 

 rated from the Diptera.] 



