MYRIAPODA. 485 



head. Tliese animals are terrestrial, ana nve under stonei in liilly places. lulus ovalis, Linn. ; 

 (•foinerh marghiata, Leach. 

 [Fam. 2. — Iuiadje, Westw., or the A)t (/i/iformes of Latr., Cours.'] 



lulus proper, Linn., has the body cylindric and very lon^ ; they roll themselves up spirally, without 

 any prominent edge or rim at the sides of the segments. The larger species live on the ground, par- 

 ticularly in sandy places and woods, and emit a disagreeable scent. The smaller ones feed upon fruits 

 and the leaves and roots of esculent vegetables ; others are found under the bark of trees, in moss,&c. 

 / ma.ii)nu!i, Linn., a native of South America, reaches seven inches in length. lulus sahulosus, Linn. 

 ( fa.vciatiis, De Geer), about sixteen lines long, blackish-brown, with two reddish lines down the back ; 

 body with fifty-four segments, tlie penultimate pointed,— Em'ope; and other species described by Savi 

 iiHTi= .iiur- and Leach {Zoul. Mhc.) 



Polydesmus, Latr., resembles lulus in its linear form and habit of rolling itself in a coil, but the 

 segments are compressed at the sides beneath, with a produced margin. Found under stones in damp places. 

 1. vomplanatus, Fabr., and others. 



The species with distinct eyes form Leach's genus Craspedosoma, and appear to be proper to England, not having 

 been noticed by any prior author. 



[Fam. 3.--PoLLYXb:NiD,E, >Yestw., or tlie PenicUlata of Latr., CoursJ] — Pollj/xenus, Latr.— Has the body mem- 

 branous, very soft, and terminated by pencils of small scales. The antenuie are of equal thickness throughout. 

 Scol. laijura, Lin., very minute : it has twelve pairs of legs, placed on the same number of semisegments. Found 

 in crevices of walls and under old bark. 



[Dr. Leach has given an excellent monograph of the British species of this family or oi'der, in the third volume 

 of the Zoological Miscellany, illustrated by figures. M. Brandt has more recently given a distribution of the tribe, 

 in the Bulleiiii Soc. Imper. Naturalistes de Moscou, torn vi., 1S33, dividing them into three sections, — a, Penta- 

 zonia (a, Glomeridea, genus Glomehs, H species; b, Sphierotheria, gen. Sphserotherium, 5 species; and 

 Spha^ropieeus, 2 species); b, Trizonia, (a, Julidea, gen. lulus, 13 species; and Spirobolus, 2 species; &, Spiro- 

 sti-eptidea (gen. Spirostreptus, 2 species; Spiropaus, 1 species; Spirocyclistus, 1 species); 3, Monozonia (gen. 

 Strongylosoma, 1 species ; Craspedosonia, 2 species ; Polydesnius, G species ; also, probably, Polh/.renuK, Latr., 

 and Callipui; Risso). Gray, in Griffith's translation of the Rcgne Animal; Perty, in the Delectus Animal. Ariicul. 

 BrasilicCy axiilQulrm, in the Iconogmplne of the Rcgne Animal, have added various other species or genera, 

 llatinesque also described numerous other genera, which have been entirely neglected by systeraatists.] 



THE SECOND FAMILY OF THE MYRIAPODA,— 



CniLoroDA, Latr. (or the genus Scolopendra, Liu.), — ■ 

 "Which has the antennae more slender towards the extremity, of at least fourteen joints or more, a 

 mouth eomposed of two mandibles furnished with a small palpiform appendage, exhibiting, in the 

 ]niddle, the a[)pearauce of a soldered articulation, and terminated like a spoon, with toothed edges ; a 

 qiiadritid li})''*', of whicli the two lateral divisions are the largest, anuulated transversely, resembling the 

 membranous feet of Caterpillars ; two palpi, or small feet, united together at the base, and hooked at 

 the tip ; and a second lipt. formed by a second pair of legs, dilated and united at the base, and termi- 

 nated by a strong hook, moveable, and pierced beneath the extremity with a canal for the discharge 

 of a venomous liquid. 



The body is depressed and membranous ; each of its rings is covered with a coriaceous or cartila- 

 ginous plate, and only bears, in general, a single pair of feet J, the last of which is directed backwards, 

 and prolonged like a tail. The organs of respiration are composed entirely, or in part, of tubular 

 trachea?. 



These animals run quickly ; they are carnivorous, shun the light, and hide themselves beneath stones, 

 logs of w^ood, the bark of trees, in the earth, &c. The inhabitants of hot climates dread them greatly, 

 the species inhaluting those regions being very large, and their poison much more powerful. 

 Scolopendra morsilans is called, in the Antilles, the ;Ma!faisante. Some of them exhibit a luminous 

 property. 



The spiracles are more like those of Insects than those of the preceding family, and arc either 

 lateral or dorsal. 



This family (iu the arrangement of Dr. Leach composing the order Syngnatha) may, from the last- 

 mentioned characters, and the nature of its respiratory and locomotive organs, be thus divided. Some 



.ocous 



1 (lie lo-R-.T lij) of (hp Cliilocnalhn, iind representing, in I mny a.so r-jprcscnt tlie lower lip of mnEtic:iUn^ insects. Fronj tht; 



; Crustacea, but (ible to pt-rforra iilso tlit 

 les it the first iiuTciliarT lip. 

 viirnv. It is not articulated wilh the 



reUtiona furniihed by the Entumoslraca 

 Arachnida, I coiisifier tliat the legs of the heiapod Insects are aii^- 

 lonri'uB to the sis foot-jaws of the decapod Crustacea. 

 i lii tliis case they are oi\\\ scniiscj^iucr.t^. 



