COLhOP'lERA. 493 



pieces, fitted for trituration ; and tliat the existence of a cotnplicnfed apparatus for an excrcmcntitial 

 secretion, possessing amniouiacfd qualities, is one of tlic nio,".t striking features of the Carabi.] 



Tlicy are divideil into two trdies. 



The first, that of the Cicindck'ta^y Latr., comprises the genus 



CiCTNDELA, Linn., — 

 AVhich have the tip of the maxillx furnished with a corneous, slender hook, articulated at its base with 

 these under jaws. The head is robust, with great eyes, jaws very advanced and toothed, and a very 

 sliort tonguelct hidden behind the mentum. The labial palpi are distinctly composed of four joints ; 

 they arc commonly hu-sute, as well as the maxillary palpi. The majority of the species are 

 exotic. 



Some species have a tooth in the middle of the notch of the mentum, with the labial palpi wide apart at the 

 base. 



Manticora, Fab., has the tarsi aUke in both sexes, with cylindrical Joints. Manticora maxillosa, Fab. [and M. la- 

 tipcnnis, Waterh.] from Caffraria. M. pallida, Fab., forming M'Leay's genus Plati/chUe, [fij^ured in King's 

 Jahrhiicher']. 



Those species which have the three basal joints of the anterior tarsi dilated in the males, with the body oblonfir 

 or oval, and the thorax nearly square, compose the genera Mcgacephala, Latr., (with a transverse short upper lip) ; 

 O.ri/chei/a, Dej. {with a ]ary:e triangular upper lip) ; Euprosopus, Latr., and Ctcindela proper, which has the labial 

 palpi not Ioniser than the maxillary, the third joint of the former not manifestly thicker than the following joint, 

 and the three dilated basal joints of the anterior male tarsi elongated. 



The body of the last-named insects is generally of a darker or lighter green colour, varied with shining metallic 

 tints, and with white spots upon the elytra; they frequent dry situations exposed to the sun, run very quickly, 

 lly otf when they are approached, and alight at a short distance ; if again disturbed, they have recourse to the 

 same means of defence. 



The lar\'Ee of two indigenous species, the only ones yet observed, burrow in the earth, forming a cylindrical hole 

 of considerable depth, using their jaws and feet in its construction, and loading the conca^■e back of their heads 

 with the grains of earth which they have detached, with which they ascend backwards, resting at inter\'ais, 

 lixing themselves to the inner walls of their burrow by the assistance of the two hooked tubercles upon the back ; 

 when arrived at the orifice, they jerk off their load to a distance. AYliilst lying in ambush the flat plate of the head 

 exactly stops the mouth of the hole, forming a flat surface with the surrounding soil. They seize their prey with 

 rih'irjiiws, and even rush upon it, precipitating it to the bottonr of their burrows, witli a see-saw motion of the 

 head. They likewise descend them with equal quickness at the least danger. If they find them too narrow, or the 

 nature of the earth is not favourable to them, they make a new burrow. Their 

 voracity is even extended to other larvae even of their own kind, stationed in the 

 same situations. They close the orifice of their buri-ow when they change their 

 skin, or rmdergo their change to the pupa state. These observations have in part 

 been communicated to me by M. Miger, who has greatly studied the larvae of 

 Coleoptera. 



Ctcindela campestris, Lin., is half an incli long, of an obscure green above, with 

 the upper hp white, and with a slij^ht tooth in the middle ; each of the elytra with 

 five small white dots. Very common throughout Europe, especially in the spring. 

 Cicindela gcrmanica, Lin. [the smallest British species], and some others, are 

 of a narrower form ; they fly less than the foregoing. All these species are winged, 

 but other exotic species are apterous, forming Dejean's genus Droiiiica. 



Cleno.sfoma, Klug, has the body long and narrow, the thorax long and knotted, 

 Fig-. 52.— Ciciiuichi campestris, and and the third juint of the male tarsi is produced on the mside into a plate. The 



'''^^''^" ■ species are from tropical America. 



Theralcs, Latr. {EitvycJiilc, Boiielli); ColUuris, Latr. {ColbiriSy Fab.); and Tricondijla, Latr., are three genera 

 whicti have no tooth in the middle of the notch of the mentum, and the labial palpi are contiguous at the base. 

 Therates has the form of Cicindela proper, but in the two others the body is long and narrow, and the thorax knotted. 

 All the species of these three groups are pecuhar to the East Indies and the islands of tiie adjacent Archipelago. 



[The investigation of the family CieindelidcC*, corresponding with the Linnsan genus Cicindela, or 

 Cicindelette of Latreille, has been greatly pursued by modern continental authors, who have described 

 a great many new species, chiefly exotic, and have added several new genera. Dejean's Species General, 

 Vander Linden's Memoir on the Insects of Jaca, Laporte de Castelnan, in various memoirs, Gory, Say, 

 Klu'^, Guerin, Gistl, &c., have particularly studied this family; and in our own country M'Leay, Kirby, 

 and Hope, in the 2nd part of The Coleopterisfs Manual^ have described many new species,] 



• fEiu'li'.h autliors have ircnerall)' ad(>(itc'J ttic plan first proposed I trcille, ami for wlTicK they retain the old Linr.^an generic name, tjut 

 hi- Mr l\irt>v, in Ills " Century," of i',ini\\\\:, the Liimuran ^'eiiera iiUO witli an uiiilorm terminatiou irfic,] 

 iiiini-LJ families eorrespondiui' with tbc " far.iillef. iiatnrLllcs" of La- 1 



