524 INSECTA. 



In the Geotri'jj/des tlic anteunrc arc generally 11-jointcrl, the raandihlcs are generally exposed and 

 curved, and the upper lip more or less exposed ; the species are generally of Ijlack or red coloars, with 

 the elytra smooth or simply striated ; the males are often cornuted. They chiefly feed upon 

 excrementitious matter. 



JE(}iaHa, Latr. (having tliu body :^hort, thorax transverse and abdomen jfibbous, and composed of [a sing;le small 

 British species, found upon our sandy coasts.] Ps. arenarius, Gyll., &c.) and 



Chiron, 5Iac hea^^iDiasomus, Dalm.), having" the body narrow, long, and subcyUndric, fand consisting: of several 

 exotic species, and placed by IVIac Leay amonijst the Lucanids], are both disting-uished by having only ubic joints 

 in the antennae; the others have eleven joints, which are, however, sometimes difficult in computation, the jumt 

 preceding the club being sometimes apparently confounded with the basal joint of the club. 



Lethrus differs from the rest in having the club obconical and the mandibles exposed, very large, serrated inter- 

 nally, and with a large tooth in the males. Lcf/irus ccp/ialote.-i, Fabr., according to Fischer, is destructive to young 

 buds and leaves, which it bites off, whence, in Hungary, it is called " the Schneider," and where it does much 

 injury to the ^ines, crawling backwards, with its food in its jaws, into its hole, each of which is occu[ued bya male 

 and iVinalc ; but lu the iiairliig tinie a sti'angc male someLiuics nitrades, when a battle en^sucs wliicb only ends in 

 tlif dcalii or lii-lit of Iht- stranger. 

 The others have the joints of the club of the antennas of the ordinary form, and leaf-like. 



Gfotnipes, Latr., has the labrum advanced and transversely square, the jaws are curved and very compressed, and 



^Yith the club of the antenna; oval or ovoid, the anterior tibiie long and multidenticulate, and the clypeus lozenge- 



1^ shaped : Scaraba;ys stercorarius, Linn., [the common Dor, or S/iard- 



p^^ borne Beetle. One of the commonest Briti&h insects ; there are several 



^ f/'^^'^ \ others, natives of this country,] Those species which have the thorax 



^-^ ^,^ A f"-^'^^'^^"^ ,ai^ ^ of the males cornuted form the [genus Ti/p/tu-ta, Leach], Ceratophiiii.s, 



V , )ti\-^>^ Fischer. T\ pc, Scanibu/is dijilwu.^, Liii]]., [or the cunimon English 



\ <-"< . Uull-onnU.,-]- 



OchixLciis, ;\Ieg., has tin- labrum strongly notched, the mandibles 



elongate, triangular, and tlie fore-tibiai with only two teeth on the 



outer edge. Mclolonlha chriisomclina, Fab. [Germany]. 



\ Those species with the club of the antennas large, orbicular, or sub- 



_J glo'iose, the middle joint being encased between the two outer ones, 



form three subgenera. 



Afhi/reiis, Mac Leay, approaches the Coprophagi in having the middle 

 feet wider apart than the others. 

 Fig. f>9-—e;cotrupes stercorarius. Elephastomus, ]\iac Leay, has the clypeus produced into a thick, 



square horn, furcate at tip, and the maxillary palpi very long. Scarab. proOoscideus, Schr. [New Holland]. 



Bolfjocerus, Kirby {OdonUcus, Zeigl.), has one of the mandibles simple, and the other bidentate at the tip; the 

 maxillary palpi scarcely larger than the others. -S'. viubtUcornls, Fabr., a small [rare British species, the male of 

 which has a long erect horn on the head]. 



I-Inbosorns, Mac Leay, (having the basal joint of the antennte obconica'l and elongated, the libiie narrow and elon- 

 gated), and 



Acanilioceriis (ha\ ing the l)asal joint of tin- autcun;e very large, dilated above, and the tibi.'o lamell.ir and con- 

 cealing the tarsi), have ten joints in the antennu'o, the last joint of tiie paljii elongate, and the mandibles not or but 

 slightly toothed. The species of both are very small [and exotic]. 



In the second division nf the Arenicnli, or the TrogiJes, tlie anfennie are always composed of ten 

 joints, the labium and niandiiiles hut slightly ex|)0sed, the maxillie armed with teeth ; the body is 

 dingy-coloured, and tuhcrcnlar above ; their fore-legs arc advanced, their thighs covering the head 

 beneath. These insects pnnhicc a stridulatiDii by the action of the mesothorax against the sides of the 

 prothoracic cavity. 



Trox, Fabr. — These insects are found in the earth or sand, whi.'rc they appear to devour the roots of vegetables. 

 \Trox arenarius and two other British species, of timall size.] Mr. Mac Leay has sei)arated the apterous species 

 with the sides of the thorax dilated, under the name of Phobcnis. 



Cr]/ptodus and Mcec/ut/ii(.v, Mac Leay, have the extremity of the body not covered by the elytra, and nine joints 

 to the antennae: Maichidius appears to me to approach the Melolonthai. [Mr. Mac Leay has subsequently discovered 

 that Cryptodus belongs to the Cetoniidie. Both subgenera are Australian.] 



A third section, X)/f(>ji/iili, [Geotrujjcs and certain Ce/onice, Fabr.), has the scutelUim distinct, tlie 

 extremity of the abdonien nut covered l)y the elytra, the claws vi' tlic tar^i often Lnici|nal, the antenna: 

 always lO-jointCil, tlie last tln-eo forming a leaf-like mass, tlie middle leaf never being entirely concealed 

 by tlie outer ones ; the mandibles horny as well as the maxilhc, which are straight and often toothed. 

 All the feet are inserted at equal distances apart. [This section comprises two divisions, corrcspondiii,g 

 with the families Dynafifidoi and Rutelid(S, Mac Leay.] 



The first division ^eonipriiing the Geofrupcs oi Fabricius) coniiu'iscs those species, tlie males of which 



