ORTIIOPTERA. 561 



M>p-mcco]i/iUa {l^pJuvrium, Charpent.), is destitute of \vin;,^s, and lias the boily oval. M. acerronim is of very 

 small size, amllives in Ants' nests [on the Continent]. 



Others [having, like tlie last, a talc-like spot at the base of the ^ving-covcrs in the male], have these 



organs disposed like a roof, and the tarsi have four 

 joints ; the antenna are very long and filiform. The 

 females have the ovi|)ositor always exserted, com- 

 pressed, and &aljre or cutlass-shaped. These insects 

 are herbivorous, and form tlie genus 



LoccsTA, Gcollr. [GnjUns, or GnjUl<J<e., of EngUsh 



authors]. 

 [The Great Green Grasshopper, with long; antenna], 

 L. viridhsima, is two inches loni;-, green, without spots ; 

 the ovipositor of the female is straight. 

 P'iir 013— L viridjssinia Many species of this g-enus are destitute of wings, or 



have wing-covers only, bnt of very small size. 

 [The species of this genus, or rather, family, have been distributed into a considerable number of generic groups 

 by Thuriberg, Serville, Latreille, Burmeister, and others, founded upon external variations of form.] 



The others have the antennEe filiform and cylindric, sword-shaped, or thickened at the tips, and as 

 long as the bead and thorax; the wings and wing-covers are roof-shaped wdien inactive, and the tarsi 

 are 3-jointcd. The tonguelet, in the majority, has only two divisions; the oceHi are three in number, 

 and constantly distinct ; the mandibles much toothed ; the abdomen conical, and compressed at the 

 siilcs. They leap with much more energy than the preceding, and have a much longer sustained 

 flight. They feed upon vegetables with great voracity. They may be united into a single genus, that of 



AcRYDii^M, GeoftY., — 

 Which [lias been greatly divided into genera and subgenera by Serville, Burmeister, and Thunberg", but whichj 

 Latreille divides as follows. 



Some have the mouth exposed, the tonguelet bifid, and a membranous pulvillus between the tarsal ungues. 



P//CMmor(7., Thunb., has the hind-legs shorter than the body, and scarcely fitted for leaping ; the abdomen is 

 bladder-shaped in one of the sexes. These species are only found in the southern parts of Africa. 



Proscopia, Klug, is wingless ; tlie body is long and cylindrical ; the head, witliout ocelli, is prolonged in front 

 into a point or cone, bearing two very short 7-jointed antennae, pointed at the tip ; and the hind-legs are large and 

 long. These insects are peculiar to South America, and have been well monographed by Klug. 



Trusalis, Fab., has the antenna; compressed, and of a prismatic fonn ; the head elevated into a pyramid. 

 Gri/lltis na-mhis, Lam., and many other exotic species. 



XiipMcera, Latr. {Pamphagua, Thunb.), is composed of species which, in respect to their antenna:;, are interme- 

 diate between Truxalis and the following genus. 



Acnjdium proper, Gn/llun, Fab. {Gri/Uus locusta, Linn.), \_Locndkhv of British authors], differs from Pneumora 

 in having the hind feet longer than the body ; the abdomen solid, and not bladder-like: and from Truxalis, in 

 ha\ing the head o\oid, and the antennae filiform, or terminated by a knot. Many species have on each side of the 

 butly, near the base of tlie abdomen, a large cavity, closed on the inside by a very thin pellicle. I have described 

 this organ in the eighth volume of the Mcmoires du M/a-dum, which has someinfliience either in the production of 

 the chirping, or in flight. From analogy with the Cicada, I have compared it to a kind of tambour. The species 

 fiy high in the air, and often in troops. Their hind wings are often agreeably coloured, especially with red and 

 blue. Amongst the exotic species the thorax is often crested, warty, or otherwise singularly formed. Certain 

 si>ecies have been tenned Migratory, from their uniting themselves in troops of incalculable numbers, and mi- 

 grating through the air in thick clouds, and in an astonishingly short time transform the places where they alight 

 into an ariil waste. Their death even becomes a scourge, the air being infected by the immense masses of their 

 drad bodies. M. Jliot, in his excellent translation of Herodotus, conjectures that the mass of dead bodies of 

 winged serpents which the historian relates to have seen in Egypt, was a mass of tlie bodies of these migratory 

 locusts. This opinion perfectly accords with my own. These insects are consumed in different countries of 

 Africa, the inhabitants using them for their own food, and as an article of commerce. They tear off the wrings ai.L 

 wing covers, and then bake them. A great portion of Europe is often overrun by 



Gri/Uus m'lgratorius, which is two inches and a half long, with brown wing-covers spotted with black, and a 

 slightly elevated crest on the thorax. The eggs are enveloped in a glutinous secretion, forming a cocoon, which 

 the insect is said to fasten to plants. [This is, however, refuted by the observations of Mr. Smirnove upon the 

 locusts of Russia, published in the Transaciions of the Lhuucan >^ocit:ty of London.'] It is common in Poland. 



The soutb of Europe, Barbary, Egypt, &c., suffer similar devastations from some other species, of which some 

 are of larger size, as G. cegypiius, tataricus, Lam., &c., and which scarcely differ from G. lineola, Fab., which is 

 found in the south of France ; a species peculiar to the same countiMes, and which is that which is eaten and pre- 

 pared in Barbary, m the manner above tletailed. The natives of Senegal dry another species, of which the body ;s 



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