IIYMENOPTERA. 



581 



These larva: are elongate, nearly cylindric, with a scaly 

 head furnished with strong niandihles, and a small eye on 

 each side ; six feet, of which the two anterior are shortest 

 and thickest, and the other four longer ; the body is com- 

 posed of twelve joints, of which the fourth has a conical 

 tubercle on each side in the majority of the species ; the 

 terminal segment is furnished with two moveable hooks ; the 

 majority also possess two series of white flexible filaments, 

 which appear to be respiratory organs. When ready to 

 assume the pupa state, they fix their cases to some sulj- 

 stance under water, closing each end with an open grating, 

 which, as well as the cases itself, varies in the difl'erent 



ci„^^ipc ^'^'' '15.— PhrvL'iinen jn-india.- a. Larva in its case; 



The piipie have in front two hool;s, which cross each other hke a beak, and with which they make 

 their way through the grating, [immediately before tliey assume their final form,] when, although pre- 

 viously immoveable, they walk or swim with agility, by means of their four fore-legs, which are free and 

 fringed. The pupse of the larger species crawl up plants out of the water, where they throw oft" 

 their skin, but the smaller ones merely come to the surface, and are there transformed into winged 

 insects in the same way as Gnats, their old envelope serving them for a boat. 



Some have the hind wings evidently larger than the fore ones, and folded. 



Sericostoma, Latr., has in one of the sexes the njaxillary palpi dilated into a mask covering the face ; in the 

 other sex they are tiliforni, and S-juinted. 



Phnjganea proper, has the mouth alike in both sexes, and the palpi shorter than the head and thorax, and 

 sliprhtly villose. P. ffrandls, [and a great number of other species, welt known to the angler and fly-fisher]. 



Mi/siacida, Latr., has the antenna exceedingly long, as well as the maxillary palpi, \vhich are very hairy. (P. 

 filosa-, quadtifasclata, &c.) 



The others have the fore wings narrow, lanceolate, subequal, and not folded. 



Hifdropiila, Dalm., with short antennae of equal thickness throughout. 



Psychomyia, Latr., has similar wings, but the antenna; are long and setaceous, founded upon a minute, appa- 

 rently undescribed species. 



[This tribe has recently been thoroughly investigated by M. Pictet, whose memoir forms a thick quarto volume, 

 with many plates. Messrs. Stephens and Curtis have also described many new English species, as well as addi- 

 tional genera. 



Dr. Burmeister has piiblished an entire revision of the order Neuroptera in the last part of his Ilandhuch d.er 

 Eniomolog'ie, in which he has also estabhshed many additional genera.] 



THE NINTH ORDER OF INSECTS,— 



THE HYJIEN(.1FTER.\, Linn.TOS (Piezata, Fabricius),— 



Also possesses four membranous, naked wings, a mouth furnished with mandibles, maxilltE, and 

 two lips; but the wings (of which the anterior are always the largest) have fewer nervures 

 than those of the Neuroptera, and are only veined [and not net-like] ; the females have the 

 abdomen terminated by an ovipositor or a sting. All possess, in addition to their con^pound 

 eyes, three minute ocelli ; their antennse are of variable form, not only differing in the genera, 

 but also in the se.xes of the same species ; they are nevertheless filiform or setaceous in the 

 majority ; the maxillieand lower lip are generally narrow, elongated, attached in a deep cavity 

 of the head bv long muscles*; semitubidar at the base; often folded back at the extre- 

 mity; more fitted for conducting the nutritive tiiuds than for mastication, and imited in many 

 in the form of a proboscis; the tonguelet is membranous, and either widened at the tip or 

 Ion"- and filiform, having the pharynx at its base, and often covered by a sort of sublabrum or 

 epipharynx ; two labial and tw o maxillary palpi ; thorax comjjosed of three segments united in 



* Hciicc llie irp' i'."i ii/u-tiii,es of this gcni'cal lunvcmeiit ; in otiier bitintj insects it is fixed. 



