5S4: IXSECTA. 



Cladlus, Klius lias also 9-joiuted aiuenti,T, but those of otlK^r males are pectinatud on one side, [C. diflurmis, 

 asmall black species, rather unconirnoii.] 



Af/ialia, Leach, has the body short, aud the autenria: fnun 10 to U-Jointed, and .-.iiiiple inbotli sexes. [A.ceuH- 

 fiili.c, Pani., is extremely destractive to (unups, it:^ larva bcin^'- known under tlie name ot' tlie Xii^iier, or 

 Bhick Jack,] 



Pferygophorus, Klug;, has the antenna; more than IG-Jointed, 'i\ith a sint,^le row of teeth in the males, and serrated 

 ill the females, [composed entirely of AustraHan insects]. 



L'lphiinis, Latr., has the male antenna? furnislied with a ilouble I'ow of long; branches, and serrated in the 

 females. The larvie ha\'e twenty-two feet. ;iiid li\e in sncirt\-, especially upon tirs and pines. 



In the following ;2^eiiera the !alj|-ani \^ hidden, rir but little exposed ; the inner ed);,'-e of the four pn?>terior tibi;e 

 has often two spurs in the middle, and uflen a tliird abm'C the preceding pair. The antennje are always coujposed 

 of a great number of joints. 



Mcgalodontes, Latr. {Tarpa, Fab.), have the antenna; serrated or coniblike. 



Painp/iilius, Latr. (Lj/da, Fab.), has the antennae simple in both sexes. Their larv.'e have no membranous feet, 

 and the posterior extremity of the body is terminated by t\^o horns. They feed upon leaves, which tliey often 

 roll up and fasten together. 



The terminal Tenthredinebt ha\'e the ovipositor extended beyond its sheath, and expcised posteriorly ; the inner 

 extremity of the two fore tibia; has only a single spur, which is bent, and terminated l-y two teeth ; the autenn;e 

 are always composed of a great number of joints, and are simple. 



Xpela, Dahn. {P'niicola, Breb., Masiigoccnis, Klug), is very distinct, from its elbowed antenna; suddenly 

 attenuated towards the tip, 11-jointed, the tliird joint being exceedingly long, as well as the maxillary palpi ; the 

 stigma is replaced by a cell, 'i he larva; live in the interior of vegetables, or in old wood. [These are small and 

 feitigular insects, one species of which, A', pusilla, has occurred, but very rarely, in this country.] 



Cephas, Latr. {Trachelns, Jur.), has the antenna; insected near the forehead [not elbowed], and thii.-kened at tip. 

 Frum some observations published in the Bulletin Univfrati of Ferussac, it appeal's that the larva of the mo.-.t 

 CHinmon species, C. pygnusus, lives in the stems of wheat. 



Xip/igdria, Latr. {XJrocerus, Jur.), has the antenna: inserted near the mouth, and more slender at the tips. 

 [This genus naturally belongs to the family Urocerata, the construction of its ovipositor agreeing with that of 

 I'rocerus; the larva; also live in solid wood. The imago is remarkable for the great length of its neck, -whence 

 tlie names of the typical species, A'. cainclK^ aud Droi/wdnr/us. 



[The student must especially consult tlie monograph on this family published by Saint Fargeau, the 

 numerous meniou'S of Klug in the Berlin Magazine, various works of Dahlboin and Hartig, the two last 

 of whom have studied the family with great care, and especially with reference to their transforma- 

 tion. Mr. Stephens has described the Uritish species in his British Entomology. '\ 



Tlie second tribe, tliat of the 



Vrocerata, — 

 is diitinguiihed from the }ireccding by tlie foUuwing cliaracters: The mandibles are short and thick; 

 the lower lip entire ; the ovipositor of the females is cither very much exserted, and composed of three 

 threads, or spirally coiled in the interior of the abtlomen and capillary. This tribe is composed of 

 the genus 



SiREX, Linn., — 

 The body of which is nearly C}lindric, the head nearly gobular. The females deposit their egi^s in old 

 trees, especially of fir; the ovipositor is lodged at its base, between two valves, forming a sheath. 



0rj/5.s?/^, Latr,, has the antennas inserted near the mouth, 10 orll-jointed; the mandibles are without teeth ; 

 tlie maxillary palpi long and 5-jointed ; the posterior extremity of the body nearly rounded, and the ovipositor 

 capillary, and spirally coiled within the abdomen. The two species [known to Latreille] are found in Europe 

 ujion trees early in spring, and are very active. [The tyiucal species, 0. coronati/f;, has been found in this 

 country.] 



•Sirex proper {Urocfrus, GeolVr.), has the antenna inserted near the forehead, with from 13 to 25 joints ; the man- 

 dibles toothed internally ; the maxillary palpi very small, nearly conical, and 2-jointed, with the extremity of the 

 abdomen prolonged into a horn, and the ovipositor exserted and formed of three threads. These insects are of 

 large size, and generally inhabit pine forests in cold and mountainous countries, and produce during flight a buz- 

 zing noise like that of the Humble Bees. Li certain seasons they appear [in such countries] in such abundance 

 that they become objects >\{ po|Milar dread. The larvae have six feet, with the posterior e.xtremity of the body 

 terminated in a point ; tln-y live in wood, where they spin a cocoon and undergo their transformations. [Saint 

 Fargeau, contrary to the statements of the German naturalists, who ha\'e such abundant opportunities of studying 

 the manners of this genus, has endeavoured to show that these insects are pai'asites. Typical species, Sinw 

 gignfs, Linn. (H. mari^cus, L., the male); it has occurred in this country, but very rarely, and is as large as 

 a Hornet.] 



Trerni-x, Jur., difl'ers in having shorter antennae, composed of only thirteen or fourteen joints, and in the fore- 

 wings having onlj two cubital cells. 



