612 



INSECTA. 



The sixth section of the Nocturnal Lopidoptera, that of the Phal^na tortrix, Linn., has the 

 greatest relation to tho precciling species, the upper wings having the outer margin curved at the I^ase, 

 and subsequently narro\ved ; and their short, broad form, like a truncated oval, gives these insects a 

 reniarkatjle appearance ; the proboscis is distinct, and the palpi generally nearly similar to those of the 



Noctuie, l)ut rather more advanced. They are small Moths, agreeably coloured, -u^itli the \viiigs nearly 

 horizontal, or rather slightly detlcxed at the sides ; the upper pair slightly crossing the lower. The 

 cateri»illars are 16-footed, the liody being generally smooth, or but slightly hairy ; thoy mil up the 

 leaves, fixing them by threads in a parallel direction, and thus forming them into cases, whereby they 

 devour the parenchyine of tlie h'^aves at IcImut ; others make retreats by fastening several leaves or 

 flowers together, and some reside inside fruits ; some of these caterpillars have the body slender at the 

 tip, and their cocoons are in the figure of a boat turned u])side down ; these cocoons are sometimes en- 

 tirely of silk, and sometimes of silk nii\cd with other mariers. They form the suljgenus 

 PvuAi.is, Fab. [Toyirii cif Kii'^^lish autlmrs]. 

 P. pomr/iia, Fall., the Codlinq; Moth, /-*. ri/iSy P. prn.siiinria, [and a great namber of species, divided by more 

 recent Qutliors into a ffreat number of subgenera]. Latreiile in a note adds indications of the additional sub- 

 (jenera Xulopoda {Tortri.r de?itaria, Hb.), Vobiera (P. nilaiia, unibellana, lleradcann), and Procerafa (P. saldo- 

 iianii, Faljr.). 



The seventh section of the Nocturna, that of the Pilai..f.n"ites, Latr. (P/ial. Geomefra, Linn.), has 

 the body generally slender, with the proboscis either wanting or liut little elongale, anrl nearly mem- 

 branous ; the palpi small and subcylindric ; the wings amph;, exteiu.led, or like a nearly flat roof; the 

 antenna: in many of the males are pectinated ; the thorax sniooth ; the cateqiillars have generally nnly 

 ten feet; sometimes, however, they have an extra pair; the anal feet always exist. From their mode 

 of walking, they are called Geometers, or Loopers, described above (p. 604). Their attitude of repose 

 is singular ; fixed to a lu'auch nr twig, and hobbng only by the hind pair uf feet, the body is stretched 

 in a straight line, and at an angle with the branch inimovcably. In their cnlours, also, and the rugo- 

 sities in their bodies, tbey also resemble branches: in this position they will remain for many hours, 

 and even for entire days. The chrysalides arc naked, or are inclosed in a very slender cocoon. \Vhen 

 the caterpillars are not taken into consideration, this section only forms a single genus, — 



Piial.kna. 

 The caterpillar of P. iiinrgiiri'nri", Fab., the type of my sub<,^enns M.'!>-<,i.;niipn, has twelve feet, Imt the rest 



only ten, sucii as P. sainhm-aria, tlic Swalluw-tailed Moth, formed 

 .^ by Leach into the subgenus Ouraptenjx ; P. grosstdariata^ Linn., 



the Mau^pie Moth, [a \'ery abundant species, the larva and pupa of 

 \\ liicli aic liuiin'il m a pi iTcding page. The females Of P. brniii<rla, 

 and ^niiic iiUiL']--, li;i\ e i^nly ^■ery slight rudiments of win;^;^. The 

 hittri" r-iii;cies appear only in \Yinter. One species, P. sexalisala, 

 i.> n.-iiiaikable for the nudes possessing a small appendage at the 

 nnier ed;;e of the hind wing. These species form my subgenus 

 Illlberiiia. 



[Tliis is a \'('ry o\teuii\"e tiibe, formed into tlie family ('.\'";/(C- 

 Iridtc, and di\'ided by recent authors into a very,i;reat number of 

 grnera.] 



;d Lcpidnptera, that of the Dkltoides, presents to us species very 

 but id' which the cateriullars have fourteen feel, and mil up leaves, 

 fa the imago, the pat[)i are rbjugaieil and reeurved. The wings form with the body, at the iidcs of 

 whitdi they are horizontally exteudrd, a kind of delta, of which the posterior edge has at the noddle 

 an itnlented angle, or appears furcate. The Deltoid Lepidoptera form the subgenus 



U.-niiiiii(i. Latr., belonging- to the division of the Phaltcmi Py/vii'/.yof Liiui,, Hiihhra and part of Cra>iihu.s, Fabr. 



The eigbtb section of the nortn 

 nearly allied to the Phala:na.' ])rope 



Tlic ninth section of the Nocturna, that of the Tineites, Latr. [Phahvna Tinea, Linn.), and the major 

 part (d' his Pyralides, comprises the most minute species of the order, and of which the caterpillars are 

 always furnished with sixteen feet at least, are rectigrade, and live hidden iu fixed or moveable cases 



wldcli they form. In some, the wings form a kind of elongated triangle, nearly flattened; such arc the 

 Fh. Pijralidrs, Linn., whirb li,i\e four distinct palpi, and generally exposed. In others, the ui)pcr wings 

 arc long aioi iuutow ; in alb the bind wings are always broad and folded; the four palpi of these are 

 also often cx[>osed. 



