LEPIDOPTERA. G13 



The substances upon which the caterpillars feea, or on which they mostly dwell, provide thcin with 

 materials for tlieir cases. Among the cases formed of vegetable matters, some are very siiignlar: the 

 Adehc, for instance, make their nests of bits of leaves, arranged upon each otlier. In some the material 

 is transparent. The caterpillars of the true Tinerc clothe themselves in cases formed of hair, fur, &c., 

 which they cut olT with their jaws, as well as of the hair of the skins of animals, and which they fasten 

 witli silken threads. They have the instinct to elongate or widen these cases by slitting them, and 

 introducing a new piece. They undergo their transformations in these cases, having first closed the 

 orifice with silk. Reaumur, Rosel, and De Geer have especially investigated the habits of these insects. 



Other species burrow into the interior of the vegetable and animal suhstances upon which they 

 subsist, forming simple galleries, where they construct cases either of these materials or of silk ; these 

 habitations are always fixed, and serve only as retreats. Others, again, pierce the interior of leaves 

 upon which they feed, pioilueing dried-up patches either in spots or undulating lines, to be observed 

 on many leaves : buds, fruits, seeds, and often grains of wheat, as well as the resinous galls of some 

 fir trees, serve for food and abode to others. 



These Moths are often ornamented with very brilUant colours, the upper wings having gold or silver 

 spots. 



Some, the Pyralides, having the four palpi always distinct, exposci.l, or sHi^htly hidden by the scales of the clypeus, 

 porrected, have their wings roof-like, but more flattened. Some of these have the proboscis very diHtiuct, and the 

 caterpillars live upon different plants. 



Ji')fi/s, Latr., has leaf-rolling caterpillars, with ordinary organs of respiration. P/ial. urticata, Linn, [the Small 

 Magiiie Moth], the caterpillar of which feeds on the nettle. 



Ihidrocampe, Latr., is composed of nearly allied species, but of which the caterpillars are aquatic, with long, 

 tiluinentous appendages for respiration, the interior being furnished with trachea. They form tubes with the 

 leaves of aquatic plants, or are exposed. 



Others have the proboscis obsolete, or nearly so. 



Aijlossa, L;itr., has the four palpi exposed, the wings forming a flat triangle. P. pinguinalls, Linn., the larva? 

 of which feeds on grease or buttery substances. According to Linnaius, it has been found but rarely in the human 

 stomach, where it produces more violent effects than ordinary intestinal worms. A medical man has sent me 

 some caterpillars of this species, wliich had been vomited by a young female. P. farhiaiis, Linn., feeds 

 on Hour. 



Galleria, Fab., has the palpi covered by the scales of the front of the head ; the fore-wings narrower than in 

 Aglossa, and notched at the hind margin, and greatly defiexed at the sides. G. cereana, Fab., the Honeycomb 

 Moth, the larva of which commits much mischief in hives, by burrowing through the comb, and constructing a 

 silken web, mixed with grains of excrement ; the cocoons are sometimes found united in a mass. G. alvearia, Fab. 

 falso feeds on honeycomb], but is more allied to Tinea than this genus. Crambi/s eriga/iis, Fabr., and Thicn fri- 

 bitiii-Ua and colonclla, are allied to the preceding, but the paliji are longer, whence they are nearer allied to 

 Crambus. They form several subgenera. 



The others have the maxillary palpi not always distinct, the upper wings long and narrow, sometimes rolled round 

 the body and sometimes extended perpendicularly at the sides. In this state the insect has always a narrow and 

 elongated form, approaching that of a cylinder, or cone. 



Some have the labial palpi large and porrected, the last joint at most being recurved ; the maxillary palpi are 

 distinct. 



Crambus, Fab., has a distinct proboscis, and the palpi beak-like ; they frequent dry pastures. 



Aliiciia, Latr. {Ypsolophns, Fab.), has also the distinct proboscis, but the last joint of the palpi is recurved. 



Eiiplocamm, Latr. (Phycis, Fab.), has the proboscis very short, with the last joint of the palpi recurved; the 

 male antenna; have a double row of beards. 



P/n/cis, Fab., similar to Euplocami, but with the antenna; only ciliated. Others have the labial palpi entirely 

 recurved over the head in many. In the two following subgenera the palpi scarcely extend beyond the forehead. 



Tiiieay has the proboscis short, formed of two membranous filaments ; the head is very hairy. P. tapezana. Fab., 

 the larva of which gnaws clothes and other stuft" materials, concealed in a case formed of particles of these sub- 

 stances, which it gnaws oft". 



Otlier species, T. sarciieila, F., peUlonella, Fab., flavifroniella and graneUa, feed on clothes, woollen stuffs, 

 furs, objects of natural history, and grains of wheat in granaries. 



lli/fhia, Latr. {Crambus, Fab.i, has the proboscis distinct, and of the ordinary size, and the last joint of the 

 palpi shorter than the preceding. 



Ypo7tomeuta, Latr., has the proboscis distinct, and the last joint of the palpi as long as the preceding joint. 

 These insects are alhed to Lithosia, T. evornjmcUa (the Small Ermine Moth), and T. padeUa, the last of which 

 lives upon fruit-trees, in vast numbers, the larvai covering the branches with webs. 



Qtcop/iora, Latr., has the palpi extending over the head as far as the middle of the thorax. The Corn Moth 

 iielongs to this genus, as well as T. liun-isella, the larva of which forms a kind of hamoc. 



Adda, Latr., differs from the preceding in the very small and pilose palpi, the very long antennas, and the eyes 

 i-.)nti"-uous. The species are found in wood, and appear as soon as the oak leaves expand. The wings are generally 



