DIPTERA. 



619 



a perpendicular or incurved beak ; the palpi are curvca under, or recurved, but ia the latter case they 

 have not more than two joints. LinncCus united them in his genus 



TiruLA {Tipular/a, Latr.), 

 Which we divide in the following manner : — 



A first section is composed of species with antennae longer than the head, at least in the males, 

 slender, filiform, or setaceous, more than 12-jointed in the majority, and with long and slender feet. 



Some, having always wings, are dcstitnte of ocelli, the palpi always short, the head scarcely 

 prolonged in front, the wings horizontal or roof-like, with but few nerves ; the eyes crescent-like, and 

 the tibia; not spined. These are small species which reside, in the early states, either in water or in 

 the galls of vegetables. 



Tlie T//juli(/'.'s Cul/ciformcs resemble Gnats, having the antennae entirely pilose, but with the hairs 

 much longer in the males than in the females. Their larva^, live in the water, and resemble those of 

 Gnats. Some of them have false feet ; otiiers have arm-Ukc appendages at the posterior extremity of 

 the body ; they are generally of a red colour. The pupa3 are also aquatic, and respire by two outer 

 appendages placed at the anterior extremity of the body. Some have the power of swimming. 



Coretlira, JMe^., has the antenniE composeJ of fourteen oval joints, the terminal ones scarcely ditferiii'j; from the 

 preceding, and the winps horizontal. T. culiciformis, De Geer [the Straw-coloui-ed Midge]. 



■ , C/iiroi!otnus, JVIeig"., has tlio wings inclined, the antenna 



13-jointed in the males, and 6-jointed in the females, with short 

 hairs, the last joint, as lathe males, heiiig very long". I'.annulala, 

 De Geer, [a very nnmerous genus of Midges]. 



Taii'ipusy Meig., has the wings also deflexed, but the antennae 

 are 14-jointed in both sexes; tiie penultimate joint very long in 

 the males ; the rest, as also all the joints of the female antennte, 

 nearly globular ; the larvae have four false feet, — two near the 

 head, and two at the extremity of the body. 



TIic Tipales Gallicoles have the antenna:; composed in 



both sexes of at least thirteen joints, furnished in the 



majority with short hairs ; at the mobt with a pencil of 



hairs at the base in some males. 



CVra/o/JO(;oj/, Meig. (C;(/;c-o/(^r.s Latr.), has a bundle of hairs at the base in the males; the proboscis, as in 



the two following subgenera, has the form of a pointeil beak ; the wings are incumbent on the body, and their 



larvae live in vegetable galls. 



I'sychoda, Latr , has no brush or hairs to the antennae ; the wings are roofed, and have a great number of 

 nerves ; one species has two a(ipendages at the side of the thorax, which appear to be formed by the lateral extre- 

 mities of its front segment. 



Cecidonniia Mel"", has the antennrr-, as in Psychoda, moniliform, and furnished with verticillated hairs; the 

 wings horizontal on the body, with only three nerves. 



Lestremla, Macquart, has the antenna; formed of 

 live globular, pedunculated joints in the males, the 

 legs long and slender, and the basal joint of the 

 tarsi long. C. destruclor, Say, appears to belong 

 to this subgenus. 



Mncropeza, Meg., is also closely allied to these 

 insects. 



The T/pulea Terricoles comprise the largest 

 species in the family, with the antennae longer 

 than the head, and slender ; destitute of ocelli; 

 the eyes ro'uml and entire; the wings, extended in many, have always membranous nen^es, united 

 together transversely, and closed diseoidal cells. Tlie front of the head is narrowed, and prolonged 

 int°o a muzzle, with a basal prominence; the palpi generally long, and the extremity of the tibi^ 



sjiinose. 



The larvK of many species live in the earth, the rotten parts of trees, &c. The thorax is not distinct, 

 and they have no false feet. They exhibit at the superior extremity of the body two more evident 

 apertures for respiration. The pupce are naked, Avith two respiratory tubes near the head ; and the 

 edges of the abdominal segments spinose. These insects are well known under the name of Daddt/ 

 Long-ltf/s, Tailors, SiC. 



Fit;. 1.13, 





