DIPTERA. C^2l 



Ceroplalus, Bosc, hostile palpi apparently composed of a single joint, and tlie antenncc fasiform and compressed. 



Our last general division of the Tipulaires, is the T.florales, consisting of species having the an- 

 tennae scarcely longer than the head in hoth sexes, thick, and 8- or 10-jointed, forming a perfohated 

 mass ; nearly cylindric in the majority, but fusiform in others, or terminated by a large joint -, the body 

 is short and thick ; the head is generally almost entirely occupied by the eyes in the males. Fronitlie 

 ncrvures of the wings and palpi, these Diptcra approach the Tipulaires fimgivores. 



Cordyla, Meiff., differs from all the rest in havinfj r2-jolnted antennifi ; the eyes are round, entire, and apart, and 

 the ocelli wanting; ; the legs are long, and spiny at the tips of the tdjiu-. The others have 11-jointcd antennae, and 

 (he eyes of the males very large. 



^imulium, Latr. (CtdcXy Linn.}, has no ocelli, and the eyes of the females are internally notched, and crescent- 

 shaped. The species are very small, frequenting damp places, and are very ti'Oublesoine, from their biting, or 

 rather pricking the flesh ; they also sometimes penetrate into the generative parts of cattle, and kill them. Like 

 some of the Culicidfe, they are also called Husquitoes. 



In the others, there are three ocelli. 



tScatopsi', Geoff'., approaches the last in having the eyes emarginate, but diflers from all in having the palpi veiy 

 small, and apparently composed of but a single joint. T, latrhiarum, De Geer, a small fly, comnionly found in 

 privies. 



Peitthdria, Meig., has the eyes entire, and separate in the two sexes ; the legs are long, and not spinose. 



D'dophus, Meig. (,1-Iirtcea, Fabr.), has the eyes contiguous in the males, often occupying almost the whole of the 

 head ; the tips of the tibiai have a coronet of spines. 



BlbiOy GeotT. {liirtaa, Fabr.), has 9-jointed antennse, foi-miug a jierfoliated mass. The species are very sluggish, 

 flying but little. Some of them are very common in gardens ; the two se.xcs often differ greatly in appearance and 

 colours. Tip. Jiorttdo.na, Linn. Their larvffi live in dung, earth, and manure, and have small rows of spurs on the 

 segments of the body. The pupa; are not inclosed in cocoons. 



Aspistes, Hoffm., has only S-jointed antenns ; the last joint forming an ovoid mass. 



All the following Diptcra (a very small number excepted), have tlie antennfe composed [at first sight] 

 of onlv three joints, the first of which is sometimes so short, that it is scarcely to be reckoned as such ; 

 tlic last is in many transversely annulated, but without distinct separations. It is often accompanied 

 by a seta, generally lateral, or placed at the toi) of the joint in others ; having at its base one or two 

 joints, and sometimes simple, sometimes hairy. If tias seta is terminal, it happens in many that its 

 length diminishes and its thickness increases, forming a kind of style. Altbongh this style is, 

 in effect, a continuation of the antennte, it would create confusion in the nomenclature by adding the 

 number of its joints to that of the ordinary joints of the antenna;. The palpi have never more than two 

 joints. Some of these (a small number excepted) cast their larva-skin on becoming pups, and have 

 the sucker composed of six or four pieces ; the proboscis, or at least its hps, is always exserted ; the 

 palpi, when present, are external, and inserted near the margins of the oral cavities, and the sucker arises 

 near this cavity. The larva, in those which retain the larva skin, ser\es as a coconn for the pu]ia, 

 without changing its primitive form. This subdivision comprises three families, \_Ta/iystO)na, Nota- 

 cantlia, and Atherkcra']. 



THE SECOND FAMILY OF THE DIPTERA,— 

 The Tanystom.\, — 

 Is distinguished by having the last joint of the antenna; (not reckoning the style), not transversely 

 annulated, and the sucker consists of four pieces. 



Their larva; resemble long worms, nearly cylindric, and without feet, wqtli a scaly head of constant 

 form, always furnished with hooks or retractile appendages, which serve them for gnawing or sucking 

 the substances on which they subsist. The majority hve in the earth, and change their skin on 

 assuming the pupa state. The pupa; are naked, and exhibit many of the external parts of the imago, 

 which escapes from its exu\ia; by a slit down the hack. 



A first division comprises those Diptera which have the proboscis always entirely, or almost entirely, 

 exserted, with the sheath of a rather sohd, nearly horny consistence, being more or less porrected, 

 and either cyhndric, conic, or filiform, terminating without any marked dilatation ; the palpi 

 are small. 



Some of these hve by rapine, and have the body oblong, with the thorax narrow in front; the wings 

 ineundicnt on the body; the proboscis short, or but slightly elongated, and formhig a kind of lieak ; 

 the antenna; are close togetlier, and the paipi exposed. 



