Gio ENTCZOA. 



reraaais fi.vefl there, and lives upon tlielr lilood. They contain two cords, sometimes of equal len^4li 

 and at others long, and even doubled, which appear to be ovaries. 



Lenuea, properly so called, have tbebody oblong- ; the neck long and slender, and the head surrounded by a sort 

 of horns. L. branckialis, is the best known ; it infests the common Cod, and other fishes of the fiame family. 

 Its neck and head, the latter furnished with three hooks, are dark brown. It fixes itself firmly in the g^ills, and 

 adheres with the body bent in the form of the letter S, L. acular'is, which is more slender, and has two lon^ and 

 two short horns, attaches itself to the eyes of Herrings and other fishes. L. multicornis has been found on the 

 gills of a Serranus in the eastern seas. 



Pc/)e/ifrt, have the bead inflated ; the neck horny, with two short hooks on the nape ; the body lon^, furrowed 

 across, and ending in slender filaments resembling the plume of a feather. P. filosa, which is seven or eiy:ht 

 inches long, insinuates itself into the flesh of the Sword-fish, the Tunny, and other species, and causes them such 

 torment that they often dash themselves on the shore. 



.S/j/i/yWoH, have hooks at the mouth; the head extended longitudinally like a hammer ; the neck slender ; and 

 the body flattened and heart-shaped. 



Anchorilla, attaches itself to the gills of fish by means of a single hook on the under part, which is directed 

 backwards. 



Brancliiclla^ has two protuberances supporting the hook, by which it attaches itself. [<jne species, B. Salmonia^ 

 infests Salmon, while they are in the sea, but drops off after they come into the freshwater.] 



ClavcKa, attach themselves by the mouth only; and Cuvier was of opinion that these two groups maybe united 

 with the Lrruannyzie, or Sucking Lerna?a, of De Blainville. 



C7/.y//(/n(r(n/////u-, besides the hooks at the month, have the edges of th^ body variously notcljcd, or toothed: 

 some have a sort of two arms on each side ; some have many branched ones ; and others have a sli-nder neck, and 

 dtep notches in the sides of the body. 



Nemertiis^ which may one day require to be made a separate order, are very soft-mouthed, slender, and long, 

 with the anterior extremity blunt, and the mouth large. The intestine extends the whole length of the body, and 

 is accompanied by the ovaries, which open near the mouth. One species, N. Barlasii, is mure than fonr ftet long; 

 it lurks in the sand, and sucks various ]\Iollusca out of their shells. It occurs on the coast of Cornwall. 



Tuhularia and Cerchrotuia, of Renieri, and Ophioceplialus of Quoy and Gaymard, appear to be analogous; but 

 littte concerning them is known. 



TILE SECOND ORDER OF THE ENTOZOA. 



PARENCHYMATA. 



This order includes all these Eutozoa A^lllell Lave the bodv filled with a ]i;irenebvma, or 

 pulpy matter, either in a cellular tissue, or simply in the cavity, m \vliieli tliere is no ahmentarv 

 apparatus to be discovered, except a few canals, which carry nourishment to all the parts, and 

 wliich, in the majority of cases, originate in external suckers. The ovaries are also imbedded 

 HI the jiarcnchyma; there is no abdominal cavity, no intestine, and no vent; and the signs of 

 a nervous sj'stem are few and doubtful. The order admits of division into four famdies. 



THE FIRST FAMILY OF THE PARENCHYMATA. 

 Thk Acanthocephala. 



These have a prominence, which appears to act as a sort of proboscis, and they attach tbemsehesto 

 the coats of the intestines by means of the recurved spines with which the proboscis is beset. They form 

 liut one genus, 



EcniXORlIYXCHUS, — 



\Yliich have the body round, in some instances long, and in others shortened to a kind of sac. The 

 proboscis, by the hooks on which they attach themselves, is extensde, and contains a papilla, which 

 may he an organ of absorption ; but the animal ajipears to absorb moisture by its whole surface. The 

 only vestiges of internal viscera are two small eccca attached to the base of the proboscis, and a longi- 

 tudinal thread wdiich some regard as a nerve, and others not. Some species have an oviduct, but in 

 others the ova are diffused through the parenchyma. In the males, the organs are more distinct ; and 

 they must likely impregnate the ova after they are exebuled. They often perforate the coats of the in- 

 testines, and are found in their substance, or adhering to their external snrl'accs. 



