65G POLYPI. 



TUBULAUI \, 



Have the tnlies of a horny snhstance, and simple, or hranched ; and tne polypi come out at tlie 

 extremities only. Many of them are found in stagnant fresh water, on the surfaces of plants. 



Tul'idarin marina, have two ranges of tentacula, the exterior as rays, and the interior a tuft. T. hidivlsa, 

 foniid ill tlie European seas, have the tubes about two or three inches long:, resemhlinK' bits of stone. Tibiana, 

 have tIjL- tubes in zig:zag-, with a small openintr at each anifie. Conmlaria, have the tubes conical, anj tlie polypi 

 have eight toothed tentacula, Aitquhmria, have sinall cyliridrical tubes, adheriuff to a creepin.2r stem, witli an 

 opening- near the extremity for tlie polypus. Cumjniniilnriif, have the terminal habitations of the polypt bell- 

 sliaped. Some have the branches of the bell smaller, and otiiers have clirnbing; sterns. 



Silrtularia, — 

 Have a horny stem, simple or l»ranched, with the cells for the polypi on the sides. The common 

 grlatinous stem forms the axis of the horny one. They propagate by buds, which are produced in 

 larger cells. The disposifions of the cells have caused various subdivisions. 



A'jhio}-jJiciiia, liave the cells on one side of the branches. Amat'ta, have tbe cells partiFtUy imiteil, and in some 

 cases forming; a sort of spire. Antennularia, have the cells in borizontal whirls ; and ^^crtularia proper, have 

 tliem alternate or opposite, on both sides of the stem. 



THE SECOND FAMILY OF THE CORALLIFERA,— 



The Ccllularia, — 



Have each polype adhering to a horny or calcareous cell with thin walls, and no api)arent connection 

 with each other, exccjit by a very thin epidermis, or by pores in the walls of the cells. The polypi in 

 general resemble Hydra. 



Cellnlaria, have the cells arranged in the form of branched twigs, hut no communicating; axis, and the substance 

 of their stems is more calcareous. There are several subdivisions. 



Cri-na, with cells in two ranks, generally alternate, and opening on the same side. Acamarckus, with a vesicle 

 at each 0|)ening. Loricnla, with tuo cells opyiosite, placed back to back. Eucro.tea, witli one oblique cell on each 

 articulation. Saleconnaria, with the joints of the stem hollow, and their surfaces studded with cells in quincunx. 



Flusfrn. — This genus consists of many cells, united in clusters like a honeycomb, sometimes covering various 

 bodips. and sometimes forming leaves or stems. Some species have cells on one side the leaves only. 



Cc'lcpora, have numerous small calcareous cells, crowded upon each other, and each pierced by a small open- 

 u\'^. Ttihul/pora, are masses of little tubes with wide openings. 



There are bodies in the sea, which resemhle the Coralliferi, or Polypi having stems or polypidoms, 

 i 1 wliich no polypi have yet been discovered. Pallas, and other naturalists of name, have consiilered 

 ihcin as plants; but others regard them as polypidoms, in which case they belong to this order. Thev 

 form one great genus, with many subdivisions. This genus is 



CoRALLiNA (tlie Corallines), — 

 "Which have articulated stems, supported on a kind of roots, and branching again and again, but having 

 no ])orcs in their substance, or visible poly])i. 



Coral/'ina proper, have the calcareous joints of uniform appearance, and there is no sign of epidermis or bark. 

 The bottom of the sea on certain coasts is covered with these like a thicket of bushes, having the joints oboval, 

 and the sprays arrayed like pinnate leaves. Tlie colour is white, or reddish, or greenish. It was once used in 

 medicine, though only on account of the salts of lime which it contains. Ampliircea, has the joints elongated. 

 Jani'i, liave tlieni slctidcr, and with less calcareous matter. Ci/mnpo/in, has the calcareous joints separated from 

 tacli otliir iiy piuMioris of hnrny matter, and pores more distinctly marked than most of the others. Penicillay 

 ha\"e the interior of the stem composed of a tissue of horny threads, with an external calcareous crest investing 

 the whole. The stem terminates in a bundle of articulated branches, resembling those of the other Corallines. 

 iliihimeilo, have the stems and branches composed of joints externally, like the others ; but internally they have 

 a lorneous tissue, from whicli the cutaneous matter is easily separable by acids. Flabellarlus, have no distinct 

 junits ; but consist of large leaf-like expansions, which have tlieir stems of the same consistency as those of 

 lliiiuiicda. <:<iliixiini, have the stems hollow, and branching into two. Lingora, resemble the last, but have no 

 articMlaiidii^ in the stems. Am/dioi/ieiia (Corsican RIoss), is articulated and branched, and consists of a hoiny 

 sidjstaiirc, with a gelatinous covering:. It is much used for expelling worms. Acctahulirm, is in form one of the 

 nio.-^r si[i;;-(dar (if tbe Corrdlines. It consists of a slender stem, supporting a round thin plate like a parasol, which 

 has a round smooth disc surrounding the central pores, the outer portion marlced with stride, and the mar<;in 

 crenulated. No polypi have been discovered in their pores ; but the rays of the striated disc are hollow, and con- 

 tarn greenish granules, which led Cavalini to concludi^ that it is a ve2;etahle. PoftjpJuisn, ha\'e a hollow stem, 

 With a bundle of small closed vesicles un the siininiit. This Inis also been considered a \r.:;e{able. 



