673 



TIIIUD DIVISION, CLASSES— CRUSTACEA, ARACHNIDA, 



AND INSECTA. 



CRUSTACEA. (P. 407—448.) 



The British Malacostracous Crustacea form the subjects of two valuable works ; one, by Dr. Leach, in quarto, 

 with beautiful coloured plates, representing each species of the natural size ; and the other now in course of pub- 

 lication by rrofessor Thomas Bell, forming part of Mr. Van Voorst's beautiful series of works upon Ijritish 

 Natural History. 



An invaluable series of illustrations of the whole of the class Crustacea, has been published by Milne Edu-ards, 

 in the Crochard edition of the Regne Animal. 



The Crustacea of D'Orbigny's Voyage have also been more recently described and beautifully figured by Milne 

 Edwards, and those of the voyage of the Samarang, by Mr. A. White (now in course of publication). Other new 

 species have also been described by Mr. White in detached papers in the Annals of Natural History. 



The periodical casting of the shell by these animals after their arrival at their adult form, led to the long-received 

 opinion that they had not previously undergone any decided metamorphosis. The recent investigations of several 

 authors have, however, clearly proved that the young fry in many species are quite unhke their parents, and that in 

 fact they are the animals which had been previously considered as distinct Entomostracans, under the name of 

 Zoea. It is singular, however, that the fry of the common Cray-hsh (as observed by Kathke), and of the land Crabs, 

 do not materially differ from the adult state. 



A new and rema: kable genus, named Calocaris by Professor Bell, belongs to the Decapod Macrom'a and subsection 

 Astacini (p. 420), but with elongated limbs, a very thin crust to the body, destitute of all colouring pigment, and of 

 corneie in the eyes. C. Macandreas, a species found in Loch Fyne and the Mull of Galloway, inhabits a depth 

 of no less than 1 80 fathoms, where of course distinct vision would he useless and unavailing, which accounts for the 

 rudimeutal character of the eyes, which are entirely white. 



Dr. Erichson has recently published a memoir on the genus Astacas (p. 420), describing a number of additional 

 species of Cray-fish from various parts of the world. 



Several other new and interesting Briti.'^h genera allied to Mysis (p. 422), have been described by II. Goodsir in 

 the New Edinburgh Pliilosophieal Journal. 



Zeuxo, Templeton in Trans. Ent. 8oc. (Z. M'cstwooiJinia) ; and C'rossu'i"us and Liriope of Ratbke (Nova Acta, \vl. 

 XX.) are small but remarkable genera closely allied to Rhsea, p. 428. 



Many additional species as well as several new genera of Amphipoda (p. 429), have also still more recently been 

 described by Rathke, in Nova Acta, Vol. XX., and in Kroyer's Tidsskrift ; and in a very interesting genus named 

 Chelura terebrans, which burrows into submerged wooden structures in the same manner as Limnoria, has also 

 been described by Philippi in the fourth Volume of Wiegmann's Archives. 



H. Goodsir has also added some new and very distinct British species of Amphipods in the Edinburgh New Thilo- 

 sophical Journal, Vol. XXXIII. 



H. Goodsir has described a third species of Bopynis (p. 431} in the Annals of Nat. Hist, Vol. XV., found beneath 

 the carapace of Hippolyte ensifems ; and Rathke has described and figured, with all its details, a new allied genus 

 named Phryxus, also found beneath the shells of chfferent Macrourous Crustacea (Nova Acta, Vol. XX } of wliich I 

 possess a British specimen. 



A very elaborate paper upon the destructive Limnoria terebrans (p. 432), has been published by Dr. Coldsti'cam 

 in the seventeenth volume of the Edinburgh New Philos. Journal. 



Two additional British species of Arcturus (p. 433), have also been described by II. Goodsir. 



The development of the eggs and young of Asellus aquaticus (p. 433), has formed the subject of a very elabo- 

 rate memoir by Rathke, published in the second volume of the second series of the Annales des Sciences Natu- 



relles. 



11. Goodsir has described several new British species of the singular genus Curaa (p. 4.37), as well as two new 

 and allied genera, named Bodotria and Alauna, in the thirty-fourth vulumc of the Edinburgh New Philos. 

 Journah 



Dr. Baird's Papers on different portions of the Entomostraca, published in the Annals of Natural History, must 

 be consulted, and also a paper by the same gentleman, in the first volume of the Zoologist, upon other species 

 which are luminous, and inhabit the ocean ; including the genera Oithona and Cyclopsina. Amongst the minute 

 luminous oceanic species, and probably, in the present order of Branchiopoda, must also be ranged the genus 

 Sapphirhm of Edwards, as well as several other minute species and genera recently described by Goodsir, pecu- 

 liar for possessing a double eye in a single dark spot, with the body depressed as in the Isopoda, and the posterior 

 thoracic legs double. They are very active in their habits, and ST^im about in company with other allied forms. 

 They constitute the genera ZaitP, Sterope, ^nd Carilhis. The Oniscus fulgens of Tilesius seems to behiuj; to tlie 



X X 



