16 POULTRY DISEASES 



also shows the distribution of the blood vessels in 

 their- course to that part. 12 represents the ceca, 

 or two blind guts, the blind extremities indicated at 

 13. These empty into the remainder of the in- 

 testine at 14. 15 represents the rectum, or 

 straight gut, which is joined by the egg sac, 23, 

 at 17, forming the cloaca or common pouch, 16. 



At 20, the ureter from the kidney, 21, empties 

 the secretion from that gland into the rectum. 

 The cloaca discharges its contents, feces, urine, 

 and eggs, through the anus, 18, into the external 

 world. The right ovary perishes as the hen de- 

 velops, so that only one ovary, the left, 22, re- 

 mains. The egg canal, 23, has a muscular wall 

 for the purpose of forcing the egg along as it 

 develops; it is also provided with glands which 

 aid in the formation of the albumin, egg shell, 

 etc. This sac, at its anterior end, receives the ovum 

 (yolk) from the ovary as soon as it is mature. 



The liver, 26, which has been turned back, is 

 crossed by the proventriculus, 7. The gall-bladder 

 is shown at 27, where the bile (liver secretion) 

 is stored up till active digestion begins in the 

 small intestine, into which it is then discharged. 

 The spleen, a blood-forming organ, is indicated 

 at 28. 



Organs of Respiration 



The nostrils are shown at 29 ; air passes from 

 this point through the nasal passage, indicated by 

 the dotted line, and enters the pharynx through the 

 opening (posterior nares) at 33. 32. Turbinated 

 bone of the right nasal chamber. 30. Frontal sinus. 

 31. Maxillary (infraorbital) sinus, analogous to 

 the same in the higher animals. 



The air passes through the pharynx, 3, into the 



