38 



POULTRY DISEASES 



Lipeurus squalidus.— The head is narrow and somewhat 

 elongated in front. There are six hairs on the front part of 

 the head. This louse is common in some localities. 



Lice of Geese 



Lipeurus jejunus.— A. slender, pale, yellowish-white louse. 

 It is probably universally distributed. 



Trinoton continuum.— This is a fairly large louse, covered 

 with few hairs. It is common on geese. 



Fig. 7 Fig. S 



Fig. 7. LiPEVRus TJacl-lus 



A, Moutli parts. B, antennae. C, 1 j?s. Drawing to riglit of liead indicates 



actual size. 



Fig. 8. Eggs or Nit of the Goniodes Stylifer (Greatly Magnified) 



A, Egg cemented to the barbs of the feather. 



Lice of Pigeons 



Lipeurus baculus. — This is the common louse of the pigeon. 

 It is long, slender, light-colored and the abdominal segments 

 are provided with two or three hairs on each side. Fig. 7 

 illustrates this parasite. 



Life History of Lice 



The females of lice are slightly larger than the males. 

 They lay oval, white or whitish-yellow eggs (nits), and 

 securely cement them to the barbs of the feathers. This Is- 

 illustrated in Fig. 8. When the eggs hatch they break open 

 at the end or a small cap is lifted from the end, in much 

 the manner that a chick escapes from the egg. The young 

 have much the same shape as the adults and are ordinarily 

 considerably lighter in color. The males are usually less 

 numerous than the females. If conditions are favorable the 

 eggs hatch in from ten days to three weeks, and the lice live 

 for a considerable time, several months under favorable con- 



