INTERNAL PARASITES 



63 



condition of the affected bird. It robs the host 

 of nutrients, as does the Ascaris. 



Treatment. — Sanitary measures for the preven- 

 tion and eradication of this parasitism and direc- 



FiG. 21. Heterakis Papillosa, Tail Extremity (greatly magnified) 

 A, Spiculas. B, preanal sucker. C, papilla. 



tions for its treatment are the same as for Ascaris 

 inflexa. (See page 61.) 



Spiroptera Hamulosa 



This is the gizzard worm of chickens. Speci- 

 mens have been sent to the author's laboratory 

 from Missouri only. 



Description.-^ The male measures about one-half inch in 

 length and the female about three-quarters of an inch. Fig. 

 22 illustrates the worms, natural size. 



Symptoms of Infestation. — The economic signifi- 

 cance of this parasitism is due chiefly to the loss 

 of weight and the stunted growth 

 which it causes. The affected 

 birds become anemic, emaciated, 

 extremely lazy and have a raven- 

 ous appetite. The worms pro- 

 duce nodules in the walls of the 

 gizzard. The birds become in- 

 fested from eating food contaminated or soiled 

 with the excrement of infested birds or by taking 



A B 



Fig. 22. Spiroptera 



Hamulosa 



(natural size) 



A, male. B, female. 



