FOREST POLICY. 



3. Distribution: Prairie only in some northern counties' 

 where the forest is said to be expanding. Entire balance of In- 

 diana, 100 years ago, was heavily wooded with 12 species of oak, 

 3 of elm, 2 of walnut, 7 of hickory, 3 of maple, 3 of birch, 4 of 

 ash, yellow poplar, linden, buckeye, black and honey locust, dog- 

 wood, catalpa, sassafras, hackberry, red mulberry, sycamore, iron- 

 wood, chestnut, beech, cottonwood, white pine, gray pine and 

 Virginia pine, bald cypress, tamarack and red cedar. All trees 

 show splendid bole development. The requirements of the farmer 

 and home seeker have caused the forest to be considered a mere 

 encumbrance of the ground. Only small groves now exist. 



4. Forest ownership: 162 lumber firms, in 1900, owned 

 104,000 acres of woodlands. The rest is attached to farms. 



5. Use of timber: Indiana leads the United States in the 

 output of wagon stock (raw material), producing 33% of the en- 

 tire output. In furniture stock, Indiana is second only to Ohio. 

 One-half of Indiana's manufactures rely on the forest for their 

 raw material. Log stumpage worth $5.39 (maximum amongst 

 Union States); logs at mill worth $9.39 per 1,000 feet b. m. There 

 are 1,829 saw mills of $4,500 average investment. 



Output of the lumber industry 



In 1870 was $12,300,000 



In 1880 was 14,300,000 



In 1890 was 20,800,000 



In 1900 was 20,600,000 



The cut in 1900 was: — 



Conifers 3,000,000 feet b. m. 



White oak 646,000,000 feet b. m. 



Other hardwoods . . . .336,000,000 feet b. m. 



Total 985,000,000 feet b. m. 



The leather industry, comparatively small, produces $1,- 

 500,000 of leather and consumes 700 cords of hemlock bark, 7,000 

 cords of chestnut oak bark and 5,000 barrels of oak bark extract. 



The pulp and paper industries are said to use 6,300 cords of 

 domestic (?) spruce, 10,500 cords of Canadian spruce, 20,300 cords 

 of poplar and 4,200 cords of miscellaneous woods, in addition to 



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