FOREST POLICY. 



the southern two-thirds of the State, especially in the east, never 

 forming pure forests, groves on abandoned fields excepted. Pinus 

 Virginiana seems to develop unusually good boles in the eastern 

 half of State and is locally used for custom lumber. Rigida is 

 found, like echinata, running up higher into the mountains. 



4. Forest ownership: 208 mill firms own 382,000 acres of 

 forest, having 4,700 feet b. m. average stumpage. After the 12th 

 census this stumpage includes 125,500,000 feet b. m. black walnut, 

 which figure seems largely overestimated. 



5. Use of timber: The value of the sawn product was in 



1850 $ 1,500,000 



i860 > 2,500,000 



1870 3,600,000 



1880 4,100,000 



■ 1890 7,900,000 



1900 13,800,000 



The cut in 1900 consisted of: — 



Conifers 34,600,000 feet b. m. 



Ash 4,900,000 feet b. m. 



Black walnut 2,100,000 feet b. m. 



Poplar 279,000,000 feet b. m. 



White oak 392,800,000 feet b. m. 



Other hardwoods 63,100,000 feet b. m. 



Total 776,500,000 feet b. m. 



In the census year there were further produced 60,000,000 

 shingles, worth $115,000; 63,000,000 (mostly) oak staves, worth 

 $1,042,000; 3,500,000 sets of heading worth $234,000. Furniture, 

 wagon and agricultural stock is valued at $1,358,000. Kentucky 

 ranks 6th in cooperage and 8th in miscellaneous timber indus- 

 tries. The ratio of forestry in wages, investments and products 

 to all other industries, in 1900, was that of 14 to 100. 1,232 mills 

 showed an average investment of $4,658. Logs are worth on 

 stump $2.67, and $6.86 at mill. Logging in mountains by oxen; 

 elsewhere by oxen, horses and mules. Transportation largely 

 by raft, or loose driving. Small portable mills in tracts far from 

 rivers and railroads. Big mills on Cumberland River. 



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