FOREST POLICY. 



the best remaining supply for white hickory. Gigantic Texan oak, 

 sweet gum, willow, water and scarlet oak are also met. 



4. Forest ownership: In south, much forest owned by 

 speculators. 274 lumber firms control 869,545 acres, of 5,500 feet 

 b. m. average stumpage. Farmers own two-thirds of woodlands. 

 State owns 500,000 acres. 



5. Use of timber: 1,169 (0 mills, with an average invest- 

 ment of $5,336, beset the forests. Large cooperage concerns using 

 Cottonwood, elm and oak. White oak cut for railroad ties and 

 bridge timber. Stumpage price averages $1.89. Logs at mill 

 worth $6.91. 



Leather industry uses 774 cords of hemlock bark, 2,936 

 cords of oak bark and 869 barrels of bark extract. Output of 

 industry, $816,000. 



The cut of the census year was: — 



White oak 250,000,000 feet b. m. 



Pine 269,000,000 feet b. m. 



Cypress 10,000,000 feet b. m. 



Cottonwoods 76,000,000 feet b. m. 



Elm 28,000,000 feet b. m. 



Red gum 51,000,000 feet b. m. 



Other hardwoods 35,000,000 feet b. m. 



No paper and pulp industry. Value of saw mill products 

 rose from 6.3 million dollars, in 1870, to 11.2 million dollars 

 in 1900. 



Hardwood bottoms are invariably thought to be convert- 

 ible into excellent farm lands. 



6. Forestry movement: Arbor Day established in 1886. 

 Forestry lectures at State Agricultural College. Residents seem 

 to vie with one another to steal the timber belonging to non- 

 residents. 



7. Laws: Fire fines up to $500. No inclination of jurors 

 to punish timber theft and incendiarism. 



8. Reservations: None. 



9. Irrigation: No data available. 



FORESTRY CONDITIONS OF MONTANA: 



1. Area: 42,000 square miles, or 29% of State, is wooded. 



2. Physiography: The 109th meridian divides Montana 

 in half. The eastern half consists of high plains fit for pasture 



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