FOREST POLIC-if. 



the "Kentucky Barrens." Pinus echinata occurs in island-like 

 groups all over middle Tennessee. Pinus taeda forms a narrow 

 belt along the Alabama line. 



In the Cumberland Mountains the limestone coves show, 

 or used to show, a splendid growth of all valuable hardwoods 

 (white, red and chestnut oak; hickory, notably shag bark; black 

 walnut and black cherry; yellow poplar, cucumber, ash and bass- 

 wood; red cedar on dry cliflfs), whilst the sandstone plateaus 

 overlying them exhibit a poor growth, badly burned, of black, 

 Spanish, post and white oaks; further, sourwood, black gum, 

 chestnut and red maple, with occasional tracts of Pinus echin- 

 ata, virginiana and rigida. Pinus pungens occurs at an altitude 

 of about 3,000 feet and upwards. Good white pine tracts, heavily 

 stocked, are hidden in the backwood coves of the Great Smokies, 

 accompanied on moist and sheltered land by hemlock, or else 

 occur on long, sharp ridges. Spruce and balsams at elevations 

 from 5,000 to 6,000 feet. The hardwoods of the Great Smokies 

 are those of Pisgah forest. 



4. Forest ownership: 1,138,000 acres of land are owned by 

 lumber firms. Average stumpage, 3,900 feet b. m. per acre. 



K. Use of timber: Logs are worth $2.18 on stump and $6.58 

 at mill. Logs frequently measured in midst of log. Cedar logs 

 bought by the pound. Lumber centers are Memphis and Nash- 

 ville. The product of the lumber industry in Tennessee was 

 valued in 



1870 $ 3,400,000 



1880 3,700,000 



1890 9,100,000 



1900 18,100,000 



The cut consisted of: — 



Conifers 82,000,000 feet b. m. 



Ash 18,000,000 feet b. m. 



Poplar 275,000,000 feet b. m. 



Red gum 52,000,000 feet b. m. 



White oak 408,000,000 feet b. m. 



Other hardwoods 114,000,000 feet b. m. 



Total 949,000,000 feet b. m. 



In 1900 Tennessee leads all States in the produced value 

 of staves (181,000,000 staves, worth $2,500,000) and furnishes 17,- 



91 



