FOREST POLICY. 35 



1803 Change of forest into farm prohibited for 25 years. 

 1827 Code forestier. 



i860 First governmental attempts at reforestation in Alps and Py- 

 renees, preceeded by successful work on the sand dunes of the 

 southwest (Gascogne). 

 1882 Model law relative to reforestation (Demontzey). 

 1900 Average annual expense for government reforestation $700,000. 

 Annual expense for salaries and improvements in Algeria 

 $600,000. Here, and in other French colonies (Tunis, Madagas- 

 car, Indo China, Reunion) governmental forest administra- 

 tions are established. 

 1902 Superior foresters are trained at Nancy (technical school). 

 Forest area totals 23,500,000 alcres, composed as follows: 



State forest 2,700,000 of which 600,000 acres are protective 

 . forests. 



Municipal forest 4,700,000. 

 Private forest 16,100,000. 



AUSTRIA. 



1800 — 1870 Financial stringency forces the government, from time to 

 time, to sell large portions of the Crown forests. 



1852 Law forbidding devastation and clearing, for farm purposes, 

 of private forests by the owners. 



Forests of protective character must be conservatively man- 

 aged. 



1853 Law enabling owner to free his forests from prescriptive rights. 

 1868 Tax relief on reforested land, for ten years. 



1884 Law allowing expropriation of forests at the head of catch-ba- 

 sins. . 



1902 Total forest area, in Austria, 24,000,000 acres. Forest area ad- 

 ministered by government staff: 2,500,000 acres. 

 14.5% of the communal forests, and 38.4 per cent, of the pri- 

 vate forests, are conservatively treated, on the basis of working 

 plans. 



DENMARK. 



1805 High forests must not be cleared away. Intensive afforestation 

 on sandy tracts and heathy land, ever since 1810, by govern- 

 mental efforts and assistance. 



1902 Private forests comprise 505,900 acres; State forests 142,140 

 acres. Almost 50% of aU forests stock on land originally bar- 

 ren and waste. Forestry Academy at Copenhagen. 



HUNGARIA. 



1880 Clearings on light sandy soil prohibited; reforestation in pro- 

 tective zone provided for; management of protective private 

 forests regulated. 



