36 FOREST POLICY. 



SWITZERLAND. 



1874 New constitution empowers the confederation to stop, on can- 

 tonal territories, turbulent creeks and to assist reforestation at 

 head waters. 



1876 Law specifically designates the cantonal districts withiri which 

 the confederation may assume general control over protective 

 forests, cantonal and communal forests, (which make up about 

 65% of total forest area). 



Forest utilization in private forests of non-protective character 

 is subject to cantonal regulations, independent of federal in- 

 fluence. 

 1897 Confederation obtains the right of inspection of forest police 



over the whole of Switzerland, by public "referrendum". 

 1902 Total forest area, 2,105,200 acres, equals 20% of the country, 

 composed of: ' 



Municipal forests, 1,403,700 acres. 

 Cantonal forests, 91,600 acres. 

 Private forests, 609,900 acres. 



Splendid technical school at Ziirich, where superior staff is 

 trained. 



SWEDEN. 



1902 Only J4 of the private forests aggregating 58,715,000 acres 

 (worth $5. per acre) is conservatively managed. Governmental 

 restrictions prevail only with private forests stocking on loose 

 and light sand. 



A law tending to promote regrowth is being prepared. The 

 State forests, aggregating 18,080,750 acres, yield a steady and in- 

 creasing revenue. 

 Foresters are trained at the college of forestry at Stockholm. 



NORWAY. 



1893 Law relative to forests and bare land of protective functions. 



1902 Forests under governmental control aggregate 2,587,500 acres 

 (value $2.70 per acre). Sustained yield. Private forests com- 

 prise 18,000,000 acres; only 280,000 acres are conservatively 

 managed. Forests are over-cropped. Seeds and seedlings fur- 

 nished from governmental establishments. 



ITALY. 



1877 The contourline above which the chestnut ceases to thrive, 

 generally circumscribes the forests of protective character, sub- 

 ject to restrictions known as "Vincolo forestale". Here refor- 

 estation is demanded; clearing prohibited; management regu- 

 lated by the letter of the law. 



A clause meant to facilitate the formation of forestry com- 

 panies remains unsuccessful. 



Financial inabilitiy prevents Italy frorn parrying into effect 



