38 FOREST POLICY. 



Forestry" in the newly created Dominion Forestry Branch of 

 the Department of the Interior. 



1901 Beginning of prairial planting under Dominion co-operation. 



1902 Dominion Forest Reserves, set aside by Governor in Council, 

 aggregate 4,082,000 acres. Total area of Canadian woodlands 

 800 million acres, of which 266 million acres, after E. Stewart, 

 are properly timbered. 



GERMANY. 



The development of forest policy in the States composing the 

 empire is so diversified, that a general account only can be given. 



A forestry movement began, on a large scale, in or about 1750, 

 when a general timber and wood famine was predicted, in the absence 

 of coal or means of transportation. 



The mountain forests, at that time, had scarcely been touched by 

 the axe. 



The feudal system had prevented forest destruction, the feudal 

 lords wishing to maintain the forests as harbors of deer. The forest- 

 ers were hunting masters. 



About 177s, steps were taken by the leading governments to se- 

 cure a sustained yield from governmental forests. 



About 1800, begins the epoch making activity of George L. Har- 

 tig and Heinrich von Cotta, founders of forestry. 



When, about 1850, the fear of a wood famine had subsided, the 

 idea and the ideals of conservative forestry had taken deep root in 

 the public mind. 



Restriction of the owners relative to the management of their 

 holdings exist: 



(a) Where governmental forests form a small percentage only 

 of the total forest area. 



(b) Where a forest has protective character. 



Communal forests, however, are frequently found under govern- 

 mental control or management. 



About ]4 oi all German woodlands is free from any restrictions 

 with reference to destructive lumbering. 



A German government's practical forest policy, in 1902, consists 

 of: 



1. Conservative use and gradual improvement( roads; growing 

 stock) of all forests under governmental control; combined with en- 

 ergetic increase of revenue derived from the forests; 



2. Reforestation of all waste land,, frequently after purchase 

 from private owners; 



3. Purchase of small wood lots mismanaged by their owners; 

 and gradual increase of forest area under governmental control; 



4. Attempts at formation of forest-corporations; 



5. Extension of fire protection over private lands; 



6. Liberation of forests from the burden of prescriptive rights 

 for timber, fuel, pasture, etc.; 



7. Special control of protection-forests; 



