FOREST UTILIZATION 



i 29. Shoe pegs. 



i 30. Excelsior mill. 



i 31. Manufacture of wood pulp and chemical fibre. 



! 32. Tannery. 



i 33. Charcoal. 



§ 34. Lampblack and brewer's pitch. 



i 35- Pyroligneous acid and wood alcohol. 



i 36. True aethyl alcohol. 



i 37. Artificial silk. 



i 38. Oxalic acid. 



i 39. Maple sugar. 



i 40. Naval stores. 



i 41. Vanillin. 



i 42. Beechnut oil. 



i 43. Pine leaf hair. 



i 44. Impregnation. ^ 



FOREST UTILIZATION. 



§ I. DEFINITION. 



The term "forest utilization'' comprises all acts by which forests — 



"the immobile produce of nature — are converted into movable goods 



•or commodities. Considered as a science or as an art, forest utilization 



constitutes the major part of forestry now practiced in our new country, 



abounding in forests. 



As a discipline, forest utilization may be divided into two main 

 parts, namely: "logging operations'' and "manufacture," arranged in 

 •the following five cTiapters : 



Chapter I. Labor employed in the forest. 

 Chapter II. Cutting operations. 

 Chapter III. Transportation. 

 Chapter IV. Foundations of manufacture. 

 Chapter V. Manufacturing industries. 



§ II. LITERATURE. 



There exists, unfortunately, no handbook on American forest 

 utilization, although forest utilization shows a higher development in 

 the United States than in any other country. 



Among the foreign literature on forest utilization, publications of 

 the following authors are particularly worthy of note : 



Carl Gayer, Richard Hess, William Schlich, Hermann Stoetzer, 

 ■Carl Grebe, Wilhelm Franz Exner, Carl Schuberg, Heinrich Semler, 

 H. von Noerdlingery Carl Dotzel, E. E. Fernandez, L. Boppe, M. Powis 

 Bale. 



