FOREST UTILIZATION 113 



iron, into an incision cut with a sliarp 

 curved knife at the bottom of the scar. 



4. Hang a glazed earthen pot on a nail im- 



mediately under the lip of the collar. 

 The pot is Sj4 inches deep, SJ^ inches 

 wide at top and 3 inches wide at bottom. 



5. Extend the 4-inch scar week by week 



upward until October, taking each time 

 a thin layer of sapwood ofif the old face. 

 The final length of the face reached in a 

 number of years is up to 30 feet. 



6. The collar and cup are moved each spring 



to the top of the preceding year's face. 

 The nailhole in the pot allows rainwater 

 to run off, since water is lighter than 

 crude rosin. 

 The pot is often covered with a wooden 

 lid, the face itself by rough boards. 

 III. Dr. Charles H. Herty's gutter method. 



(a) Applicability: 



The method can be applied to bled or unbled trees. 

 It has been tried by the Bureau since 1902 in the 

 Southern pineries. 



(b) Operations of the first season : 



1. Use cornering axe to provide two flat faces 



8 inches above the ground forming an 

 angle of about 120° ; each is half as high 

 as long; total width about 14 inches. 

 Two men, right and left handed, cut 

 3,000 faces per day. 



2. Make incisions at base of faces, one at 



least an inch higher than the other. Tool 

 used is a broad axe having a 12-inch 

 straight blade. 



3. Insert galvanized sheet iron gutters into 



the incisions. Gutters are 2 inches wide 

 and 6 inches to 12 inches long, bent to 

 proper form (angle 120°) by a tilting- 

 bench contrivance. The lower gutter pro- 

 jects by i^ inch over the mouth of the 

 upper, the projection forming a spout. 



4. Fasten an earthen cup of a capacity equal- 



ing that of a box (Sj4 in. x 3J4 in. x 7 

 in.) on the side of the upper gutter in 

 such a way that its rim stands J4 inch 

 below the spout, and that the nailhole 

 is as far as possible from the spout. The 



