310 BRITISH BIRDS. 



wing-coverts and innermost secondaries broadly edged with buff, the quills 

 narrowly tipped with buff, and the tail-feathers narrowly tipped with 

 white. Young in first plumage resemble the female of the year, but have 

 obscure pale centres and dark terminal bars to the feathers of the throat, 

 breast, crown, and back. 



The Western form of the Black-throated Chat differs in having the 

 black on the throat not extending beyond the upper throat ; it is also 

 more constantly suffused with buff on the back and breast. Intermediate 

 forms also occur; and examples from Spain, in which the black on the 

 throat is more extended than usual, are indistinguishable from examples 

 from Asia Minor, in which the black on the throat is less extended than 

 usual. There is no difference in size. 



A nearly allied, but distinct species, the Euphrates Pied Chat (S.finschii), 

 has the upper breast as well as the throat black. This species breeds in 

 the rocky hills of the Caucasus, Eastern Asia Minor, and Persia. It passes 

 through Egypt on migration, and is found in Nubia in winter. 



