CCENUROSIS (GID, STURDY, TURN-SICK). 473 



only, or still less marked signs. Everything depends on the degree of 

 development of the cysts. 



BoYine Animals. Ctenm-osis in oxen is less important than in sheep. 

 Moreover, it very rarely affects a large number of yomig animals belonging 

 to one farm. Loss of appetite, dulness and depression are the earliest 

 indications, as in sheep. The gaze seems fixed, the neck is held stiffly 

 and almost rigidly, the animal shows a tendency to vertigo, pushes its 

 head against a wall, or leans the head or neck on the manger or trough. 



Inequality in the size of the pupils, amaurosis, hesitating and inco- 

 ordinated movements may also be seen developed in different degrees, 

 The animals have the appearance of horses suffering from '" iniiiuihiliti; " — 

 that is, the very peculiar general condition produced by dropsy of the brain 

 ventricles, or from encephalitis. They forget to eat or do not attempt 

 to chew unless handfuls of food are thrust 

 between the molars; they plunge the muzzle 

 into a bucketful of water and do not drink, 

 etc. They take little notice of what passes 

 around them, although they may become 

 greatly excited if an attempt is made to move 

 them, to give them medicine from a bottle, or 

 to set them at liberty, etc. Such attacks of 

 excitement often end in vertigo and in the 



animals falHng to the ground and showing • i i i -j 



■^ .11 J, Fig- 220. — An isolated gid 



epileptiform movements. All these symp- bkdderworm {Ccemnus 



toms may occur with extraordinary variations, cerehrali.i), showing the 



due in reality to the peculiar position which heads. (After Eailliet.) 



the ccenurus occuj)ies. 



Second phase. If set at liberty during the first phase of the disease, 

 the animal's gait appears only sUghtly disordered, but when a single 

 vesicle has become well developed in one of the hemispheres (and this is 

 usually the case with oxen), the symptoms of turn-sick appear as m 

 sheep, and are equally varied. The patients seem impelled to move in 

 a given direction, whatever obstacles may be in their way. It is not 

 at all uncommon to see them thrusting their heads against walls or 

 trees, falling into ponds or ditches, or attempting to force their way 

 through Wind alleys between hay or straw stacks. 



Afler the cyst develops in the cerebellum, the animals are soon 

 unable to move. They may be able to stand in one position, but on 

 any attempt to move they fall. 



Lesions. The lesions develop successively from the moment the em- 

 bryos arrive in the mass of the brain. At first the six-hooked embryos 

 only excite a shght disseminated encephalitis. Their course through the 

 brain is marked by short, greyish-green caseous tracts, the thickness of 



