22 



SELLING WOODLOT PRODUCTS ON MICHIGAN FARMS. 



The grades demanded vary considerably, some firms taking No. 3 com- 

 mon and better, others only clear lumber. As a rule, planks are speci- 

 fied, but some 1-inch lumber is also taken. 



The proportionate amounts taken by companies which used local 

 rough products in 1911, and the prices paid for them are as follows, for 

 a few of the native species : 



TABLE 5.— PRINCIPAL MICHIGAN WOODS USED IN VEHICLE MAKING AND THEIR PRICES, 1911. 



Value per thousand 

 board feet. 



Maple 



Oak 



Ash, white. 



Elm, rock. . 



Hornbeam T 



■ White pme. 



S12 aogs) 

 13-30 Tlogs and plank) 

 25-30 Oogs) 

 30 (plank) 

 30 (logs) 

 30 (plank) 



These prices are, of course, obsolete, and are only inserted to give a 

 general idea of the values of the species by reference to the lists given on 

 other pages of this bulletin. 



Vehicle manufacture affords a good market for hornbeam, which how- 

 ever, is a small tree not commonly found of sufficient size to produce 

 the 7 inch, 16 foot logs required. It is used for tongues for the "big 

 wheels" used in logging in the northern part of the State and elsewhere. 

 Blue beech (sometimes called hop hornbeam or water beech) is occasion- 

 ally bought, when of sufficient size, for making spokes, felloes, and other 

 parts of heavy wagons. The common beech is also used for felloes. 



Cooperage 



Slack barrel cooperage offers a much larger market for Michigan wood- 

 lot trees than tight barrel cooperage. Many different species are used 

 for the former, but the latter takes only white oak, both for staves and 

 headings. The following specifications published by a firm outside the 

 State will serve to show what the requirements are, in general, for 

 tight barrel stave and heading bolts. 



SPECIFICATIONS FOE WHITE OAK STAVE BOLTS. 



All stave bolts to show a 3-inch heart face. 



White oak stave bolts to be made full 36 inches long, not over 6 inches 

 from heart to sap, and not under 41/2 inches from heart tO' sap ; to be 

 made from sound green trees, not under 18 inches in diameter. Timber 

 must be straight and all defects worked out. Knot, seed and worm holes, 

 windshakes, splits, dead timber, pecks, and short bolts will be classed as 

 culls. Bolts to be ricked close. All bolts must be barked. 



SPECIFICATIONS FOR WHITE OAK HEADING BOLTS. 



Bolts shall be full 22 inches long, and measure 10 inches from heart 

 edge to outside of sap ; to be not less than 10 inches across sap side. Bolts 

 shall be ricked close. Knots, seed holes, wind shakes, splits, dead timber, 



