28 GEOLOGICAL. SURVEY OF NEW JERSEY. 



The 1,999,117 acres of improved land yielded, in 1889, pro- 

 ducts valued at $28,997,349, while the 2,069,819 acres of forest 

 certainly did not yield over one-seventh of this, but the expendi- 

 ture for labor, fertilizers, tools, buildings, fences, etc., was also 

 much greater for the improved land. Nevertheless the dis- 

 crepancy in output and value remains sufficient to make it 

 reasonably certain that all land, suitable for cultivation, will be 

 eventually cleared up, and there will be a still further reduction 

 of forest area in southern New Jersey. 



RANGE IN SIZES OF STANDING TIMBER. 



A detailed examination of northeastern Highlands forests- 

 shows that sizes above 24 inches in diameter and 60 feet in 

 height are rare, although the trees of a very few tracts of timber 

 range up to 30 and 35 inches in diameter. The timber generally 

 ranges from 6 up to 12 or 14 inches ; there is comparatively 

 little stump or brush land on the Highlands west of Green Pond 

 and Bearfort mountains. East of those mountains, especially 

 along the lower Pequannock and the lower Wanaque rivers, the 

 timber has been more frequently cut, and consequently the 

 younger growth and brush are more prevalent. 



On the southwestern Highlands the forests are in small wood- 

 lots attached to farms, and also usually cover the slopes which 

 are too steep for cultivation. The sizes here also range up to 24 

 inches diameter and 60 feet high, but there are a few larger trees. 



The larger sizes have been cut out to a great extent, and the 

 ordinary range is from 6 to 16 inches in diameter and from 30 

 to 45 feet in height. 



The timber of Passaic valley does not differ materially from 

 that of the Highlands in size. That of the Watchung moun- 

 tains is smaller, very little exceeding 12 inches in diameter, and 

 southwest of Summit there is a large proportion under 6 inches 

 in diameter. 



On the red sandstone, in Bergen county, more than half the 

 forest area is made up of timber exceeding 6 inches in diameter,, 

 and on Palisades mountain fully three-quarters. In general it 

 ranges up- to 30 inches diameter and 80 feet in height, and trees. 



