REPORT ON FORESTS. 187 



Earmingdale. Here there is an area of marl which is located 

 well within the borders of the sands and gravels. If a line be 

 ti'aversed, starting from the vicinity of Lakewood, in the heart 

 of the coniferous zone, little else than Pinus rigida, P. echmata, 

 Q. alba, Q. velutina, etc., are met with, until the border of the 

 marl area is reached, when the pines disappear and in their 

 stead are deciduous trees, amongst which may be noted Quercus 

 rubra, Hicoria alba, Ulmus Americana, Populus tremuloides, 

 Castanea dentata, Liquidambar Styraciflua, Betula nigra, etc. 

 As soon as the opposite border of the area is crossed the condi- 

 tions are reversed and pines are again predominant until the 

 edge of the main marl belt is reached near Eatontown, where 

 deciduous trees again prevail. The lines of demarkation which 

 may be noticed in thus crossing from one formation to another 

 are so sharply defined by the character of the vegetation in each 

 as to be plainly apparent within a small fraction of a mile. 



If the same area be crossed in a direction about at right angles 

 to the previously mentioned route, beginning in the deciduous 

 zone near Monmouth Junction, an equally significant series of 

 facts may be noted. In this vicinity the trees are almost wholly 

 deciduous, consisting largely of Quercus rubra, Q. alba, Q. velu- 

 tina, Hicuria alba, H. glabra, H. ovata, Ulmus Americana, 

 Fraxinus sp?, Fagus Americana, Castanea dentata, Lirioden- 

 dron Tulipifera, Liquidambar Styraciflua, Populus tretnuloides, 

 Carpinus Caroliniana, Platanus occidentalis, Acer rubrum., 

 Cornus florida, etc., with occasional groups or individuals of 

 Juniperus Virginiana and Pinus Strobus, all of large size and 

 vigorous growth. 



In traveling across the clay belt toward Jamesburg several of 

 the above-mentioned species may be noted as becoming less 

 prominent or as disappearing entirely, while those which con- 

 tinue are noticeably smaller in size. Several new species also 

 make their appearance, such as Diospyros Virginiana, Quercus 

 ilicifolia, Q. tiigra, Pinus Virginiana and P. rigida, and this 

 condition of the vegetation prevails until well within the borders 

 of the marl belt near Englishtown, when the trfees again become 

 somewhat larger in size. This variation in the size of the trees 

 was in most cases found to be coincident with the presence or 

 absence of areas of sand or gravel — the smaller trees occurring 



