REPORT ON FORESTS. 277 



skill of the person who endeavors to apply it. These systems 

 are, briefly, as follows : 



I. The selection system, which is especially adapted to uneven- 

 aged or irregular protection forests. 



II. The system of clear cutting and then regenerating by 

 planting with young trees or by sowing the seed, or by waiting 

 until the wind sows it from an adjoining forest. 



III. The system of regenerating pure even-aged forests natur- 

 ally by uniformly and gradually thinning throughout, and 

 admitting the light so that the seeds will germinate and the 

 young growth properly develop.* 



IV. The coppice system, where the forest consists of species 

 which will sprout from the stump or the root. 



There will probably be opportunity for the application of all 

 of these systems in Southern Jersey. The following is a brief 

 way of classifying these systems : 



o 1 t- ^i- t 1- r Kegeneration effected irresrularlv 



Selective-cuttinsr system, apphca- \ .-. ■, ^ ^, . , . 



, 1 , . • / f ]. r ■ j throughout the forest by the re- 



ble to pure or mixed forests of un- < , _ . , ■' 



even age "^ ^'"^-^^ ^^^^^ °^ ^™^^^ 



1^ groups of trees. 



„i ... . 1- ui f Regen ration by means of plant- 



Clear-cutting system, applicable •„ , , ^^. -^ , 



<- ■ J f- i f J ing young plants or cuttings or by 



to pure or mixed forests of even or •( u i. j , , , 



sowing by hand or by natural sow- 

 uneven age. . , .... , 



[_ ing from adjoining woods 



f Regeneration effected uniformly 



Successive-cutting system, appli- J throughout the forest by successive 



cable to pure woods of even age 1 thinnings and final complete re- 



l^ moval of mother trees. 



„ . ^ r Regeneration effected by stump- 



Coppice system. i , , . ■, 



[ shoots and root suckers. 



If a party possesses woodland, even if sparsely stocked with 

 inferior kinds, and cannot afford or may not desire to plant afresh 

 with better species, but wishes to gradually improve it, the best 

 system to apply is the selection method, tn There are many large 

 forest-owners in South Jersey who are able to employ a forester 

 but who cannot afford the cost of extensive plantings. These 



*As early as 1736 this system had developed so far in Germany that three distinct cuttings were pre- 

 scribed : First, when the seed had fallen and germinated; second, when the young trees reached the 

 height of a man's knees, and third, the mother trees were completely removed when the young trees had 

 reached the height of a man. 



f Irregular forests to which this system is applied naturally suifer more from fire than regular forests. 



