REPORT ON FORESTS. 281 



in time be relegated, I shall describe here mainly those species of 

 the second class. 



To the first class belong such trees as the white-pine, the 

 white-oak, the swamp-white-oak {Quercus platanoides), the 

 beech, the chestnut {Castanea dentatd)* the black-walnut, the 

 shagbark-hickory, the tulip tree, the white-ash, the sugar-maple, 

 the basswood, the Douglas-spruce {Pseudoisuga taxi/olid)^ and 

 the Norwaj^-spruce {Picea excelsd). To the second class belong 

 such as the following : the short-leaf-pine {Pinus echinata), the 

 red-cedar {Junipems virginiand)^ the white-cedar ( CA^jWtFcj/ar/.r 

 thyoides)^ the locust [Robinia pseudacacid)^ the cottonwood (^Pop- 

 ulus deltoides), etc. 



Others which may be classed as subsidiary sorts, and which, 

 under certain circumstances, are worthy of encouragement, are 

 chestnut-oak {Quercus primis\ sassafras, holly {Ilex opacd), 

 bilsted {Liqtndamber styracifliM\ brewster {Magnolia glauca), 

 red-maple {Acer rubrum), and wild-cherry {Prunus serotind). 



Pinus echinata, formerly P. niitis, is the most important pine 

 of Southern New Jersey. It is usually associated with the 

 pitch-pine {Pinus rigida\ with here and there patches of the 

 scrub-pine {Pinus virginiana or inops). 



Several foresters have encouraged the planting of pitch-pine 

 in New Jersey, because it grows on extremely poor soil, and 

 endures a great deal of fire. This tree is not the equal of Pinus 

 virginiana and inferior in almost every respect to Pinus echi- 

 nata. It is a mistake to encourage the propagation of inferior 

 species, such as the pitch-pine, in regions where P. echinata and 

 several other excellent trees grow equally as well. Pitch-pines 

 are, of course, better than nothing, but when they are mixed 

 with P. echinata^ as is often the case in Southern New Jersey, 

 the latter should be favored. In spite of fires, and the great 

 demand for its wood in early times for ship construction, owing 

 to its marvelous reproductive ability, the smooth-bark-pine has 

 held its own. 



*In a way, the chestnut is without a rival. It is a rapid grower, forming a vigorous coppice, pro- 

 ducing a valuable nut, and yielding a wood which is highly prized for fuel, fence-posts, fence-rails, ties, 

 telegraph poles and interior house-finish. For the latter purpose it has become of late very fashionable 

 and is equal in beauty to other hard woods which are worked with much more difficulty. The chestnut 

 should be grown wherever the soil is able to support it. Like the black-walnut the chestnut is able to 

 grow on soils which may be classed as medium in quality, and (in places where there is sufficient moist- 

 ure) even on very sandy soil. 



