III. Parts of Europe Similar to Southern 

 New Jersey. 



In Europe there are still immense tracts of waste-land, a large 

 proportion of which has been robbed for centuries, until much 

 of it is now in a state of extreme poverty. The majority of 

 this land is worse, although similar, to the Plains of South 

 Jersey. The system of removing not only the turf but the 

 surface soil from these wild-lands is ultimately worse than the 

 effects of forest fires. A forest fire in sweeping over a country 

 leaves something behind it. The inorganic materials which the 

 plant took from the soil are returned to it in the form of ashes, 

 and although a part of them may wash away, something is left ; 

 but in the heathlands of northwestern Burope the very surface 

 of the earth is scraped together, so that in the course of time the 

 soil becomes bare and sterile. We usually think of Europe, and 

 especially Belgium and Holland, as the places of all the world 

 where every spadeful of earth has been turned over hundreds of 

 times, and where every effort has been exerted to provide room 

 for its swarms of people. One is surprised, therefore, to see a 

 new settlement called "America" in the midst of a great unset- 

 tled plain in Holland. There are, in fact, in this little country, 

 from four to five hundred thousand hectares * of waste-land, 

 which consists of heath, moorland and morass. The Dutch 

 prefer, and perhaps wisely, to grapple with the mud and water 

 along their shores. They would rather farm into the jaws of 

 the sea than work on their dreary heathlands. Mr. Schober, at 

 Schovenhorst, has been striving for years, at great expense and 

 with great perseverance, to show what is possible on the heath- 

 lands of Holland by careful cultivation and improved methods. 

 But just as the Swiss loves the steep mountain sides, so does the 



* Centare (x sq. meter)^r,55o sq. id. Are (loo sq. meters;=ii9.6 sq. yds. Hectare (10,000 sq. meters) 

 !,47i acres. 



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