3i6 GEOIvOGICAI. SURVEY OF NEW JERSEY. 



grow, in America, but we have many others which will answer 

 the same purpose.* 



The third step is the planting of pines. 



The fourth step, and the ideal stage, as far as the fertility of 

 the soil is concerned, is the production of a rich, dense forest of 

 the broad-leaved trees, such as the Forest of Compiegne, which 

 is pictured in the frontispiece of this report. 



Forestry in Denmark. 



Nowhere in Europe is forestry more intensively developed 

 than in Denmark. These practical people waste no time in 

 advertising what they have accomplished. They have been 

 working more for financial gain than for glory. There is a 

 commendable lack of sophistry and impractical notions in refer- 

 ence to their forest management. It is not my intention to 

 attempt to describe their methods in this connection, but no 

 place is more worthy a visit by American foresters. For many 

 years these enterprising people have been at work developing a 

 system of their own. They have been practically unnoticed by 

 foresters until recently, when their methods were described by 

 Dr. Metzger, in the Mundner Hefte. Several writers on the 

 continent are endeavoring to show that the Danish system is 

 after all old, and has been elsewhere in practice more or less for 

 some time. Even if this may be so, the Danes were the first to 

 fully appreciate its advantages and put it into execution. They 

 have been quietly " sawing wood " while their neighbors have 

 been holding learned discussions. The Danish foresters long 

 ago traveled throughout Europe, absorbed what they needed 

 and evolved from it a system of their own, adapted to the pecu- 

 liar conditions of their little country. They were particularly 

 influenced by what they saw on some private estates in England. 

 They show, indeed, the same amount of intelligence in every- 

 thing they attempt. Their dairy industry is a model, every 

 man and woman can read and write, and every traveler to their 



* The sandy soils of the Fines are in need of humus and green manuring. For this purpose there is 

 no better crop than Lupinvs perennis which will grow where other leguminous crops fail. The plants 

 of this genus were named lupinus from Lupus, a woll, because it was thought that they devoured the 

 fertility of the soil. Nothing could be farther from the truth. The perennial lupine of Southern New 

 Jersey is one of those pioneer plants which in the midst of the sand is paving the way for less hardy 

 species. 



