NATURE-STUDY LESSONS. 109 



4. How does the tree get itself ready during the 

 summer for fruit-bearing in the following year? 



5. Plant seeds and observe the growth of the young 

 trees. 



6. {a) If opportunity offers, observe how trees are 



grafted. 

 {F) What is the purpose of grafting ? 



7. (a) Observe the process of pruning trees in an 



orchard. 



(b) Why are fruit-trees pruned ? 



{c) At what times of the year are they pruned ? 

 (d) Why are these the proper times ? 



8. (a) From what sources does the tree derive the 



materials which go to form the apples? 

 (J)) How does apple-bearing affect the soil in which 

 the trees grow ? 



(c) Observe how a good farmer treats the orchard 



soil each year. 



(d) Examine why it is necessary to treat it in this 



way. 



B. The Apple. 



9. (fl) Examine an apple. 



(b) Discover how it was fastened to the twig. 



(c) Describe its color, shape, hollows, size. 



{d) Describe the stem. Discover why it is so hard 

 and tough. 



10. Through what parts of the tree was nourishment 

 carried from its roots to the fruit ? 



11. Discover what are the five little brown things to 

 be found in the eye; also the tiny, dried, thread-like 

 things. 



