NATURE-STUDY LESSONS. 113 



(c) Are they laid singly or in masses ? 



(d) Are the eggs found on other parts than the 



apples ? 



(e) When are the eggs laid with reference to the 



falling of the petals ? 



42. Write the life-history of the codling-moth, 



43. Observe the different means used by orchard- 

 owners to destroy these insects. 



Note. — The common method of destroying this pest is to spray the 

 trees with a poisonous sokition, the purpose being to kill the newly-hatched 

 larva before it eats its way into the fruit. 



44. (a) If the trees are sprayed when the flowers are 



open what effect will the poison have on 

 visiting insects? 

 (i>) If the insects are not permitted to do their 

 work on the blossoms of the tree what will 

 be the effect upon the crop of fruit ? 



45. (a) Describe the actions of woodpeckers on apple 



or pear trees. 

 (d) Examine where they have been pecking to 



discover what was under the bark-scales. 

 (c) Infer why the woodpecker and other like 



birds should be protected. 



XXIX.-WOOD. 



Each pupil should have a simple lens. There should also be a com- 

 pound microscope and a set of bench tools. 



A. Study of the Structure and Growth of Wood with the 

 Formation of the Qrain. 



I. With a fine saw, cut cylinders of pine, maple, oak, 



etc., from small trees or fair-sized branches and remove 



a part of the bark. 



Some of the cylinders should have knots and others should be sun-dried 

 to show "checks." 



