NATURE-STUDY LESSONS. 143 



16. {a) Let the clear syrup now boil until it becomes 



quite thick. Set away to cool in a cup or 

 other vessel. 

 {b) What is formed ? What is its color ? 



17. (a) Cut up the inner pulpy mass of stems of the 



sugar-cane if available. Boil the mass with 

 water added. Then strain and otherwise 

 treat as you did the sap of the maple. 

 {b) What products do you obtain ? 



The brown-colored, dampish sugar obtained before filtration through 

 charcoal is called raw sugar, and the clarified product is called refined 

 sugar. 



1 8. Discover how the cubical masses of loaf sugar are 



formed. 



That portion of the brown syrup that does not readily crystallize is 

 allowed to drain off and forms molasses. 



19. Suspend a string in a strong, warm solution of 

 granulated sugar to observe crystals form along the 

 thread as the syrup cools. 



20. Do with the juice of the sugar-beet as you have 

 done with that of the maple and sugar-cane, and note 

 the products. 



Nearly all the sugar of commerce is manufactured from sugar-cane or 

 "rom the sugar-beet. 



XXXVIII.-A CHAIR. 

 A. The Material. 



1. Examine different chairs, noting the materials used 

 in their manufacture. 



2. What different kinds of woods are used in making 

 chairs ? 



3. How is the wood as found in the tree prepared for 

 the chair-maker ? 



4. Discover why particular kinds of wood are used in 

 making chairs. 



